Biomaterial Database

Brain monoamines in progressive supranuclear palsy--comparison with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. 1994

O Hornykiewicz, and K Shannak

Institute of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Austria.

Like idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is characterized, inter alia, by a pronounced non-overlapping loss of dopamine (DA) in caudate, putamen and substantia nigra. Unlike iPD, in PSP the striatal DA loss is more severe in the caudate than in the putamen; this may contribute to the higher frequency of cognitive deficits in PSP. In contrast to iPD, in patients with PSP the serotonin (5-HT) levels in the basal ganglia are not significantly reduced, thus resulting in a relative predominance of the inhibitory serotonergic influences on the motor behaviour in these patients. It is suggested that combination of levodopa with a 5-HT receptor blocker may substantially improve the (poor) responsiveness of patients with PSP to DA substitution therapy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010300	Parkinson Disease	A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	Idiopathic Parkinson Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson Disease,Paralysis Agitans,Primary Parkinsonism,Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease,Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease,Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body,Parkinsonism, Primary
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002540	Cerebral Cortex	The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulci. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.	Allocortex,Archipallium,Cortex Cerebri,Cortical Plate,Paleocortex,Periallocortex,Allocortices,Archipalliums,Cerebral Cortices,Cortex Cerebrus,Cortex, Cerebral,Cortical Plates,Paleocortices,Periallocortices,Plate, Cortical
D003342	Corpus Striatum	Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.	Lenticular Nucleus,Lentiform Nucleus,Lentiform Nuclei,Nucleus Lentiformis,Lentiformis, Nucleus,Nuclei, Lentiform,Nucleus, Lenticular,Nucleus, Lentiform,Striatum, Corpus
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013378	Substantia Nigra	The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. These cells produce DOPAMINE, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. The dark colored MELANIN is a by-product of dopamine synthesis.	Nigra, Substantia,Nigras, Substantia,Substantia Nigras
D013494	Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive	A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear,Progressive Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia,Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 1,Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome,Palsy, Progressive Supranuclear,Progressive Supranuclear Palsy,Richardson's Syndrome,Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Disease,Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive, 1,Progressive Supranuclear Palsies,Richardson Syndrome,Steele Richardson Olszewski Disease,Steele Richardson Olszewski Syndrome,Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive,Supranuclear Palsies, Progressive
D015306	Biogenic Monoamines	Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids.	Monoamines, Biogenic