Maternal vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 1994


Children generally acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through mother-to-child transmission. Currently, an estimated 1 million children are infected with HIV. A recent study in Malawi has shown that vitamin A status is an important risk factor for mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Among HIV-infected mothers a monotonic association between serum vitamin A and subsequent mother-to-child transmission rates was observed. The relative risk of HIV transmission was fourfold greater in mothers with serum vitamin A less than 0.70 mumol/L compared to those with serum vitamin A greater than 1.40 mumol/L.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012307 Risk Factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D014802 Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179) Deficiency, Vitamin A,Deficiencies, Vitamin A,Vitamin A Deficiencies
D015658 HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,HIV Coinfection,Coinfection, HIV,Coinfections, HIV,HIV Coinfections,HIV Infection,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human
D018445 Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding. Fetomaternal Infection Transmission,Infection Transmission, Fetomaternal,Infection Transmission, Maternal-Fetal,Infection Transmission, Vertical,Maternal-Fetal Infection Transmission,Mother-to-Child Transmission,Pathogen Transmission, Vertical,Vertical Infection Transmission,Vertical Infectious Disease Transmission,Vertical Transmission of Infectious Disease,Infection Transmission, Maternal Fetal,Maternal Fetal Infection Transmission,Mother to Child Transmission,Mother-to-Child Transmissions,Transmission, Fetomaternal Infection,Transmission, Maternal-Fetal Infection,Transmission, Mother-to-Child,Transmission, Vertical Infection,Transmission, Vertical Pathogen,Transmissions, Mother-to-Child,Vertical Pathogen Transmission

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