An analysis of the temporal integration mechanism in human motion perception. 1994

R E Fredericksen, and F A Verstraten, and W A van de Grind
Utrecht Biophysics Research Institute, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

We present a model for the temporal integration of apparent motion information. The model is constructed by considering psychophysical and neurophysiological data, and consists of the leaky integration of pulsatile motion detector responses to apparent motion stimuli. Each pulse represents a motion detector populational response to a discrete spatial displacement of the spatial pattern. Temporal contrast sensitivity determines the shape of constant-stimulus-duration threshold curves for image frame exposure durations less than about 133 msec. The shape of the threshold curve for image frame exposure durations greater than about 133 msec is determined by the leaky integrator time constant and the shape of the pulses emitted by the motion detectors. The leaky integrator model exhibits threshold saturation behaviour (the reaching of a maximum sensitivity or minimum threshold) seen in psychophysical data as well as dependence of saturation time on the frame rate of the apparent motion stimulus. A low frame rate results in a longer time-to-saturation because the leaky integrator discharges more between detector output pulses. When the motion detector output pulses are far enough apart there is effectively no temporal integration and therefore no threshold improvement over time. Finally, the behaviour of the psychophysical threshold curves across spatial displacement sizes is consistent with a populational-response threshold mechanism combined with spatial summation over a non-uniform distribution of detector types across the visual field.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008433 Mathematics The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Mathematic
D008959 Models, Neurological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Neurologic Models,Model, Neurological,Neurologic Model,Neurological Model,Neurological Models,Model, Neurologic,Models, Neurologic
D009039 Motion Perception The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field. Movement Perception,Perception, Motion,Perception, Movement
D010364 Pattern Recognition, Visual Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs. Recognition, Visual Pattern,Visual Pattern Recognition
D011601 Psychophysics The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship. Psychophysic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000221 Adaptation, Ocular The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustment of the eye when the light threshold is increased; DARK ADAPTATION when the light is greatly reduced. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) Light Adaptation,Adaptation, Light,Adaptations, Light,Adaptations, Ocular,Light Adaptations,Ocular Adaptation,Ocular Adaptations
D012684 Sensory Thresholds The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response. Sensory Threshold,Threshold, Sensory,Thresholds, Sensory
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D015350 Contrast Sensitivity The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate VISUAL ACUITY and to detect eye disease. Visual Contrast Sensitivity,Sensitivity, Contrast,Sensitivity, Visual Contrast

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