In order to evaluate under what conditions the use of venous homografts could yield the best results. 230 arterial reconstructions were performed in mongrel dogs bypassing their ligated femoral arteries. Cumulative 6-month patency-rates were: Group 1: Prosthetic materials: a) Dacron grafts: 48%, b) PTFE grafts: 53%. Group 2: Fresh veins: a) autografts: 100%, b) allografts: 37%, c) allografts treated with cyclosporin 4 mg/kg.day for one month: 74% (100% after one month). Group 3: Veins preserved in saline at 4 degrees C. for one month: a) autografts: 44%, b) allografts: 34%. Group 4: Frozen veins preserved in saline at -70 degrees C. for one month: a) autografts: 58%, b) allografts: 47%. Group 5: Veins preserved in glutaraldehyde 0.25% for one month: a) autografts: 26%, b) allografts: 22%. Group 6: Veins preserved in 15% DMSO in Hanks solution at -160 degrees C for one month: a) autografts: 77%, b) allografts: 35%, c) allografts treated with cyclosporin 4 mg/kg.day for one month: 72%, d) allografts treated with methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg.day for one month: 38%, e) allografts treated with cyclosporin 4 mg/kg and methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg daily for one month: 83%. Fresh veins and veins preserved in 15% DMSO at -160 degrees C. are viable but immunologically active grafts. In allografts rejection phenomena cause a relatively high occlusion rate which, however, can be prevented with low dose cyclosporin. The optimal duration of immunosuppressive therapy remains to be determined. Veins stored at 4 degrees C or at -70 degrees C are not viable and only weakly antigenic. Their results are not better than those obtained with prosthetic material.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)