Biomaterial Database

Chemical ablation of the gallbladder: evaluation of multiple agents in vitro. 1994

M C Soulen, and M C Sokol, and K L Sullivan

Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.

OBJECTIVE To find a more effective chemical regimen for transcatheter ablation of the gallbladder in an in vitro model. METHODS Sectioned and whole pig gallbladders were exposed in vitro to 12 different chemical solutions at varying conditions of exposure time, pH, and temperature. RESULTS In the in vitro studies, 0.1 N and 1.0 N solutions of sodium hydroxide in water or ethanol and 3% hydrogen peroxide were the most effective sclerosant agents. Ethanol and hydrochloric acid failed to completely eliminate the epithelium from the gallbladder sections. Increasing exposure time from 10 to 20 minutes or increasing the temperature of the solutions from 37 degrees C to 50 degrees C did not alter these results. Sequential 15-minute exposures to 0.1 N sodium hydroxide in ethanol followed by peroxide completely eliminated the epithelium from whole gallbladders in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Alkaline solutions and hydrogen peroxide are more effective than ethanol alone, acids, or detergents in eliminating gallbladder epithelium in this model. Further evaluation of these agents in vivo is merited.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D005704	Gallbladder	A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.	Gallbladders
D006861	Hydrogen Peroxide	A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.	Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2),Hydroperoxide,Oxydol,Perhydrol,Superoxol,Peroxide, Hydrogen
D000431	Ethanol	A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	Alcohol, Ethyl,Absolute Alcohol,Grain Alcohol,Alcohol, Absolute,Alcohol, Grain,Ethyl Alcohol
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012597	Sclerosing Solutions	Chemical agents injected into blood vessels and lymphatic sinuses to shrink or cause localized THROMBOSIS; FIBROSIS, and obliteration of the vessels. This treatment is applied in a number of conditions such as VARICOSE VEINS; HEMORRHOIDS; GASTRIC VARICES; ESOPHAGEAL VARICES; PEPTIC ULCER HEMORRHAGE.	Injections, Sclerosing,Sclerosant,Sclerosing Agent,Sclerosing Agents,Sclerosing Injection,Sclerosing Solution,Sclerosants,Sclerosing Drugs,Sclerosing Injections,Agent, Sclerosing,Agents, Sclerosing,Drugs, Sclerosing,Injection, Sclerosing,Solution, Sclerosing,Solutions, Sclerosing
D012972	Sodium Hydroxide	A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Caustic Soda,Hydroxide, Sodium,Soda, Caustic
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D066298	In Vitro Techniques	Methods to study reactions or processes taking place in an artificial environment outside the living organism.	In Vitro Test,In Vitro Testing,In Vitro Tests,In Vitro as Topic,In Vitro,In Vitro Technique,In Vitro Testings,Technique, In Vitro,Techniques, In Vitro,Test, In Vitro,Testing, In Vitro,Testings, In Vitro,Tests, In Vitro,Vitro Testing, In