Biomaterial Database

Water-avoidance stress-induced c-fos expression in the rat brain and stimulation of fecal output: role of corticotropin-releasing factor. 1994

B Bonaz, and Y Taché

VA Wadsworth Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90073.

Immunohistochemical detection of the immediate-early gene c-fos was used to determine the pattern of neuronal activity in the rat brain after exposure to water-avoidance stress known to stimulate fecal output in rats. Avoidance to water for 1 h by standing on a small platform increases pellet output and induces numerous Fos-positive cells in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), locus coeruleus (LC) and, to a lesser extent, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, dorsal raphe nucleus and A5 and A1 noradrenergic neurons. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist, alpha-helical CRF9-41 (50 micrograms i.c.v.) reduced water-avoidance stress-induced c-fos expression mainly in the PVN and the LC (44 and 60%, respectively) and decreased by 60% the stimulated fecal output. These data indicate that water-avoidance stress activates PVN and LC neurons through CRF pathways which contribute to the stimulation of colonic motor function.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007276	Injections, Intraventricular	Injections into the cerebral ventricles.	Intraventricular Injections,Injection, Intraventricular,Intraventricular Injection
D008297	Male		Males
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D003346	Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone	A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.	ACTH-Releasing Hormone,CRF-41,Corticotropin-Releasing Factor,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-41,ACTH-Releasing Factor,CRF (ACTH),Corticoliberin,Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-41,ACTH Releasing Factor,ACTH Releasing Hormone,Corticotropin Releasing Factor,Corticotropin Releasing Factor 41,Corticotropin Releasing Hormone,Corticotropin Releasing Hormone 41
D003672	Defecation	The normal process of elimination of fecal material from the RECTUM.	Bowel Function,Bowel Movement,Bowel Functions,Bowel Movements,Defecations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001362	Avoidance Learning	A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.	Aversion Behavior,Aversion Learning,Aversive Behavior,Aversive Learning,Avoidance Behavior,Aversion Behaviors,Aversive Behaviors,Avoidance Behaviors,Behavior, Aversion,Behavior, Aversive,Behavior, Avoidance,Behaviors, Aversion,Behaviors, Aversive,Behaviors, Avoidance,Learning, Aversion,Learning, Aversive,Learning, Avoidance
D013312	Stress, Physiological	The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.	Biotic Stress,Metabolic Stress,Physiological Stress,Abiotic Stress,Abiotic Stress Reaction,Abiotic Stress Response,Biological Stress,Metabolic Stress Response,Physiological Stress Reaction,Physiological Stress Reactivity,Physiological Stress Response,Abiotic Stress Reactions,Abiotic Stress Responses,Abiotic Stresses,Biological Stresses,Biotic Stresses,Metabolic Stress Responses,Metabolic Stresses,Physiological Stress Reactions,Physiological Stress Responses,Physiological Stresses,Reaction, Abiotic Stress,Reactions, Abiotic Stress,Response, Abiotic Stress,Response, Metabolic Stress,Stress Reaction, Physiological,Stress Response, Metabolic,Stress Response, Physiological,Stress, Abiotic,Stress, Biological,Stress, Biotic,Stress, Metabolic
D014867	Water	A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Hydrogen Oxide
D016760	Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos	Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.	Fos B Protein,Fos-Related Antigen,Fos-Related Antigens,c-fos Protein,c-fos Proteins,fos Proto-Oncogene Protein,fos Proto-Oncogene Proteins,p55(c-fos),Antigens, Fos-Related,FRAs,Proto-Oncogene Products c-fos,Proto-Oncogene Proteins fos,p55 c-fos,Antigen, Fos-Related,Fos Related Antigen,Fos Related Antigens,Protein, c-fos,Protein, fos Proto-Oncogene,Proto Oncogene Products c fos,Proto Oncogene Proteins c fos,Proto Oncogene Proteins fos,Proto-Oncogene Protein, fos,c fos Protein,c fos Proteins,fos Proto Oncogene Protein,fos Proto Oncogene Proteins,p55 c fos