Biomaterial Database

Raised end-expiratory alveolar pressures during cardiac surgery. 1994

R Fletcher

Landskrona Hospital, Sweden.

Increased end-expiratory pressure (EEP) is usually associated with expiratory obstruction. By pressing the "expiratory pause hold" button on the Servo ventilator 900C, EEP was measured at four stages during coronary bypass surgery: before sternotomy (I), after sternotomy with the sternal edges fully retracted (II), after completed extracorporeal circulation, sternal edges still retracted (III) and after sternal closure (IV). Five patients had EEP values > 3 cm H2O at stage I. EEP decreased after opening the sternum and was still low after extracorporeal circulation (stages II and III). However, sternal closure was associated with large increases in EEP (maximum value 22 cm H2O). Typically, patients in whom EEP exceeded 5 cm H2O at stage IV also had raised values at stage I. These patients had obstructive preoperative spirometry patterns and tended to be of shorter stature in relation to weight than patients in whom EEP did not exceed 5 cm H2O. The changes in EEP are believed to be caused by changes in lung volume as a result of opening and closing the sternum and by increased lung water after extracorporeal circulation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D011175	Positive-Pressure Respiration	A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.	Positive End-Expiratory Pressure,Positive-Pressure Ventilation,End-Expiratory Pressure, Positive,End-Expiratory Pressures, Positive,Positive End Expiratory Pressure,Positive End-Expiratory Pressures,Positive Pressure Respiration,Positive Pressure Ventilation,Positive-Pressure Respirations,Positive-Pressure Ventilations,Pressure, Positive End-Expiratory,Pressures, Positive End-Expiratory,Respiration, Positive-Pressure,Respirations, Positive-Pressure,Ventilation, Positive-Pressure,Ventilations, Positive-Pressure
D011650	Pulmonary Alveoli	Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.	Alveoli, Pulmonary,Alveolus, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Alveolus
D005112	Extracorporeal Circulation	Diversion of blood flow through a circuit located outside the body but continuous with the bodily circulation.	Circulation, Extracorporeal,Circulations, Extracorporeal,Extracorporeal Circulations
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000368	Aged	A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.	Elderly
D001026	Coronary Artery Bypass	Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.	Aortocoronary Bypass,Bypass, Coronary Artery,Bypass Surgery, Coronary Artery,Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting,Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery,Aortocoronary Bypasses,Artery Bypass, Coronary,Artery Bypasses, Coronary,Bypass, Aortocoronary,Bypasses, Aortocoronary,Bypasses, Coronary Artery,Coronary Artery Bypasses
D013249	Sternum	A long, narrow, and flat bone commonly known as BREASTBONE occurring in the midsection of the anterior thoracic segment or chest region, which stabilizes the rib cage and serves as the point of origin for several muscles that move the arms, head, and neck.