Educational literature was reviewed from elementary through college levels including nursing programs. Findings are inconclusive regarding effectiveness of computer assisted instruction (CAI) on learning and attitude, and limited research is available regarding learning effectiveness of CAI with group instruction, especially large-group instruction. Research findings relative to interactive video instruction (IVI) also are limited, although findings reveal a generally positive attitude toward IVI as an instructional strategy. Finally, limited findings suggest that group instruction is more time efficient without a loss of cognitive achievement. Therefore, if group instruction is at least as effective as individual instruction, implications for cost-containment exist. In summary, further research is needed regarding the effectiveness of CAI and IVI on learning and attitude using individual, small-group, and large-group instruction.