Biomaterial Database

Retinoic acid and mouse skin morphogenesis. I. Expression pattern of retinoic acid receptor genes during hair vibrissa follicle, plantar, and nasal gland development. 1994

J P Viallet, and D Dhouailly

Laboratory of Epithelial Differentiation, University Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.

The spatial and temporal expression of the nuclear retinoic acid receptors alpha, beta, and gamma (RAR-alpha, beta, and gamma) was compared by in situ hybridization during hair vibrissa follicle and nasal and plantar eccrine gland morphogenesis in mouse embryo. The RAR-alpha and RAR-gamma transcripts are abundant in the dermal papilla cells of the hair vibrissa when these cells elicit epidermal hair placode (12.5-d embryos) and hair follicle (13.5-d embryos) formation. Both these transcripts are also abundant in the dermal cells of the plantar foot pad at the initiation stage (17.5-d embryos) of glandular morphogenesis. In epidermal cells, the distribution of RAR-gamma transcripts increases in parallel with hair vibrissa follicle and sweat gland differentiation, and thus may be part of the epidermal response to the dermal instructions. The RAR-beta signal is barely above control level during both hair vibrissa and plantar gland morphogenesis. By contrast, during nasal gland formation (12.5- to 15.5-d embryos), the RAR-beta signal reaches a high level in mesenchymal cells, whereas the RAR-alpha-transcripts are present in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells. These results suggest a role for RAR-alpha and RAR-gamma in the epidermal-dermal interactions that lead to hair follicle and plantar gland morphogenesis, whereas the nasal gland development implies RAR-alpha and RAR-beta gene expression. This should be correlated with the expression of the RAR-beta gene that was previously shown to be linked to the RA-induced glandular metaplasia of hair vibrissa follicles.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009024	Morphogenesis	The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.
D009666	Nose	A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.	External Nose,External Noses,Nose, External,Noses,Noses, External
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D004247	DNA	A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).	DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D005260	Female		Females
D005455	Fluorescent Antibody Technique	Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.	Antinuclear Antibody Test, Fluorescent,Coon's Technique,Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Test,Fluorescent Protein Tracing,Immunofluorescence Technique,Coon's Technic,Fluorescent Antibody Technic,Immunofluorescence,Immunofluorescence Technic,Antibody Technic, Fluorescent,Antibody Technics, Fluorescent,Antibody Technique, Fluorescent,Antibody Techniques, Fluorescent,Coon Technic,Coon Technique,Coons Technic,Coons Technique,Fluorescent Antibody Technics,Fluorescent Antibody Techniques,Fluorescent Protein Tracings,Immunofluorescence Technics,Immunofluorescence Techniques,Protein Tracing, Fluorescent,Protein Tracings, Fluorescent,Technic, Coon's,Technic, Fluorescent Antibody,Technic, Immunofluorescence,Technics, Fluorescent Antibody,Technics, Immunofluorescence,Technique, Coon's,Technique, Fluorescent Antibody,Technique, Immunofluorescence,Techniques, Fluorescent Antibody,Techniques, Immunofluorescence,Tracing, Fluorescent Protein,Tracings, Fluorescent Protein
D005528	Foot	The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.	Feet
D005786	Gene Expression Regulation	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.	Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012867	Skin	The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.