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Biosynthesis of the activated sulphate donor adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulphate (PAPS) involves the sequential action of two enzyme activities. ATP-sulphurylase catalyses the formation of APS (adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate) from ATP and free sulphate, and APS is then phosphorylated by APS kinase to produce PAPS. Initial-velocity patterns for rat chondrosarcoma APS kinase indicate a single-displacement formal mechanism with KmAPS 76 nM and KmATP = 24 microM. Inhibition studies using analogues of substrates and products were carried out to determine the reaction mechanism. An analogue of PAPS, adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-[beta-methylene]phosphosulphate, exhibited competitive inhibition with APS and non-competitive inhibition with ATP. An analogue of APS, adenosine 5'-[beta-methylene]phosphosulphate was also competitive with APS and non-competitive with ATP. Adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate showed competitive inhibition with respect to ATP and produced mixed-type inhibition, with a pronounced intercept effect and a small slope effect, with respect to APS. These results are in accord with the formulation of the predominant pathway as a steady-state ordered mechanism with APS as the leading substrate and PAPS as the final product released.
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