Biomaterial Database

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States, 1985 through 1992. 1994

M F Cantwell, and D E Snider, and G M Cauthen, and I M Onorato

Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.

OBJECTIVE To examine the distribution and sources of increased tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in the United States from 1985 through 1992. METHODS Review of TB surveillance data. METHODS All incident TB cases in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1980 through 1992. METHODS Changes in reported number of TB cases from 1985 through 1992 were analyzed by sex, race/ethnicity, age, county of birth (1986 through 1992), site of disease, geographic location, and socioeconomic status (through 1991). From 1985 through 1992, reported number of cases was compared with expected number of cases, extrapolated from 1980 through 1984 trends, to estimate excess cases by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. RESULTS Increases in number of cases from 1985 through 1992 were concentrated among racial/ethnic minorities, persons 25 to 44 years of age, males, and the foreign-born. Excess cases occurred in both sexes, all racial/ethnic groups, and all age groups. Foreign-born cases accounted for 60% of the total increase in the number of US cases from 1986 through 1992 and had the greatest impact among Asians, Hispanics, females, and persons other than those 25 to 44 years of age. Human immunodeficiency virus infection had the greatest impact on TB morbidity among whites, blacks, males, and persons 25 to 44 years of age. From 1985 through 1992, the number of cases among children 4 years old or younger increased 36%, suggesting that transmission of TB increased during this period. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors contributed to the recent increases in the number of TB cases. The effectiveness of TB screening in immigrants needs further evaluation. Intensified efforts to determine the human immunodeficiency virus status of persons with TB are needed. Screening of subpopulations at increased risk for tuberculous infection or TB should be expanded.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009017	Morbidity	The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.	Morbidities
D012044	Regression Analysis	Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.	Regression Diagnostics,Statistical Regression,Analysis, Regression,Analyses, Regression,Diagnostics, Regression,Regression Analyses,Regression, Statistical,Regressions, Statistical,Statistical Regressions
D002487	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.	An agency of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that conducts and supports programs for the prevention and control of disease and provides consultation and assistance to health departments and other countries.	United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC,CDCP,Center for Disease Control,Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Centers for Disease Control,Centers for Disease Control (U.S.),Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.),Centers for Disease Control, U.S.,United States Centers for Disease Control
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003710	Demography	Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.	Demographer,Demographic,Demographic and Health Survey,Population Distribution,Accounting, Demographic,Analyses, Demographic,Analyses, Multiregional,Analysis, Period,Brass Technic,Brass Technique,Demographers,Demographic Accounting,Demographic Analysis,Demographic Factor,Demographic Factors,Demographic Impact,Demographic Impacts,Demographic Survey,Demographic Surveys,Demographic and Health Surveys,Demographics,Demography, Historical,Demography, Prehistoric,Factor, Demographic,Factors, Demographic,Family Reconstitution,Historical Demography,Impact, Demographic,Impacts, Demographic,Multiregional Analysis,Period Analysis,Population Spatial Distribution,Prehistoric Demography,Reverse Survival Method,Stable Population Method,Survey, Demographic,Surveys, Demographic,Analyses, Period,Analysis, Demographic,Analysis, Multiregional,Demographic Analyses,Demographies, Historical,Demographies, Prehistoric,Distribution, Population,Distribution, Population Spatial,Distributions, Population,Distributions, Population Spatial,Family Reconstitutions,Historical Demographies,Method, Reverse Survival,Method, Stable Population,Methods, Reverse Survival,Methods, Stable Population,Multiregional Analyses,Period Analyses,Population Distributions,Population Methods, Stable,Population Spatial Distributions,Prehistoric Demographies,Reconstitution, Family,Reconstitutions, Family,Reverse Survival Methods,Spatial Distribution, Population,Spatial Distributions, Population,Stable Population Methods,Technic, Brass,Technique, Brass
D004641	Emigration and Immigration	The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.	Immigration,Labor Migration,Border Crossing,Chain Migration,Emigration,In-Migration,International Migration,Out-Migration,Return Migration,Settlement and Resettlement,Temporary Migration,Turnaround Migration,Border Crossings,Chain Migrations,Crossing, Border,Crossings, Border,Emigrations,Immigration and Emigration,Immigrations,In Migration,In-Migrations,International Migrations,Labor Migrations,Migration, Chain,Migration, International,Migration, Labor,Migration, Return,Migration, Temporary,Migration, Turnaround,Migrations, Chain,Migrations, International,Migrations, Labor,Migrations, Return,Migrations, Temporary,Migrations, Turnaround,Out Migration,Out-Migrations,Resettlement and Settlement,Return Migrations,Temporary Migrations,Turnaround Migrations