Biomaterial Database

Nebulizer delivery of tobramycin to the lower respiratory tract. 1994

A Weber, and A Smith, and J Williams-Warren, and B Ramsey, and D S Covert

Cystic Fibrosis Research Cener, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98105.

We characterized a tobramycin aerosol generated by five nebulizers: Micron One, Pulmosonic, Pulmo-Aide, DeVilbiss Model 65, and UltraNeb 100 by particle size and drug concentration. The Micron One nebulizer did not produce a recoverable aerosol, while the Pulmosonic had a minimal output; therefore three machines were examined for their ability to deliver tobramycin to the lower respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The DeVilbiss 65 had the greatest output: with air as the carrier gas it produced an aerosol with > 60% of the particles having a mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of > 5.5 microns. Using helox shifted the MMAD so that > 65% of the particles were < 5.5 microns. Increasing the power in the DeVilbiss 65 increased the output of particles > 9.2 microns, without a change in the particles < 3.3 microns. With air as the carrier gas the Pulmo-Aide and the UltraNeb 100 produced an aerosol with > 60% particles, < 3.3 microns MMAD. Using helox the UltraNeb 100 increased the amount of aerosol with a < 3.3 microns MMAD to 98%. Tobramycin delivery to the lower respiratory tract with the Pulmo-Aide and UltraNeb 100 was compared using air or helox by measuring sputum drug concentration. Pulmo-Aide failed to produce detectable tobramycin in sputum in 2 out of 9 patients with CF. With the UltraNeb 100, all patients had measurable sputum tobramycin immediately after administration (range, 16.2-3385 micrograms/g), but no statistically significant difference was found when using either compressed air, helox, or ambient air.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009330	Nebulizers and Vaporizers	Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.	Atomizers,Inhalation Devices,Inhalators,Inhalers,Vaporizers,Nebulizers,Vaporizers and Nebulizers,Atomizer,Device, Inhalation,Devices, Inhalation,Inhalation Device,Inhalator,Inhaler,Nebulizer,Vaporizer
D010316	Particle Size	Relating to the size of solids.	Particle Sizes,Size, Particle,Sizes, Particle
D012137	Respiratory System	The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.	Respiratory Tract,Respiratory Systems,Respiratory Tracts,System, Respiratory,Tract, Respiratory
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D003550	Cystic Fibrosis	An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	Mucoviscidosis,Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas,Fibrocystic Disease of Pancreas,Pancreatic Cystic Fibrosis,Pulmonary Cystic Fibrosis,Cystic Fibrosis, Pancreatic,Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary,Fibrosis, Cystic,Pancreas Fibrocystic Disease,Pancreas Fibrocystic Diseases
D004337	Drug Carriers	Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.	Drug Carrier
D005260	Female		Females
D005740	Gases	The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man