Biomaterial Database

Reduced renal sympathoinhibition in response to acute volume expansion in diabetic rats. 1994

K P Patel, and P L Zhang

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-4575.

To determine whether the renal sympathetic nerve responses to acute volume expansion (VE) are altered in the diabetic state, we measured the acute VE-induced renal sympathoinhibition in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Urine flow, sodium excretion, and integrated renal sympathetic nerve activity were measured before and during an acute graded VE (with isotonic saline) in anesthetized (Inactin; 0.1 g/kg ip) control rats (vehicle; n = 7), diabetic rats (Sprague-Dawley rats injected with STZ 65 mg/kg ip 2 wk before experiment; n = 7), and diabetic rats treated with insulin (2 U/day sc; n = 6). Blood glucose levels were significantly elevated in the diabetic group (370 +/- 8 mg/dl) compared with the control group (104 +/- 3 mg/dl). Acute graded VE with isotonic saline produced a significantly blunted renal sympathoinhibition (50% of control by 10% VE), diuresis (19% of control by 10% VE), and natriuresis (24% of control by 10% VE) in the diabetic rats compared with control rats. Treatment with insulin for 2 wk to restore normoglycemia in diabetic rats (third group; 93 +/- 9 mg/dl) resulted in reversal of the blunted urine flow, sodium excretion, and renal sympathoinhibition in response to acute VE. However, acute (a few hours before VE challenge) reduction of hyperglycemia in the diabetic rats (125 +/- 18 mg/dl) did not correct the blunted renal sympathoinhibition. The second goal of this study was to determine if enalapril treatment (10 mg/day by mouth) for 2 wk corrects the blunted volume reflex in diabetic rats. Enalapril did not correct the blunted renal excretory and renal nerve responses to acute VE in diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D008297	Male		Males
D009433	Neural Inhibition	The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.	Inhibition, Neural
D010952	Plasma Substitutes	Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.	Blood Expanders,Plasma Volume Expanders,Expanders, Blood,Expanders, Plasma Volume,Substitutes, Plasma,Volume Expanders, Plasma
D001786	Blood Glucose	Glucose in blood.	Blood Sugar,Glucose, Blood,Sugar, Blood
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D003921	Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental	Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.	Alloxan Diabetes,Streptozocin Diabetes,Streptozotocin Diabetes,Experimental Diabetes Mellitus,Diabete, Streptozocin,Diabetes, Alloxan,Diabetes, Streptozocin,Diabetes, Streptozotocin,Streptozocin Diabete
D004656	Enalapril	An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.	Enalapril Maleate,MK-421,MK421,Renitec,Renitek,MK 421,Maleate, Enalapril
D006339	Heart Rate	The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.	Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse