Cephalometric norms for craniofacial asymmetry using submental-vertical radiographs. 1994

T G Arnold, and G C Anderson, and W F Liljemark
Department of Preventive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The submental-vertical (S-V) radiograph has become popular in the assessment of craniofacial asymmetry because of ease in identifying reliable midline reference structures. To date, no standards of asymmetry that use the S-V projection have been reported. Submental-vertical radiographs were obtained on 44 adults. Subjects were excluded if previous orthodontic treatment or temporomandibular joint symptoms were reported. With the use of a system of asymmetry analysis developed by Ritucci and Burstone, asymmetry was reported for cranial base, zygomaxillary complex, and mandibular structures. Mean and standard deviations were used to report the asymmetry values across 23 pairs of anatomic landmarks. The data showed that asymmetry is present to some degree in all landmarks and patients. Further, strong asymmetry associations existed between landmarks within patients, with most high positive correlation coefficient values found between regionally or geometrically related points. A refined version of the asymmetric analysis was presented that included easily identified and clinically relevant points. This system is more feasible for the orthodontic clinician.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011859 Radiography Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). Radiology, Diagnostic X-Ray,Roentgenography,X-Ray, Diagnostic,Diagnostic X-Ray,Diagnostic X-Ray Radiology,X-Ray Radiology, Diagnostic,Diagnostic X Ray,Diagnostic X Ray Radiology,Diagnostic X-Rays,Radiology, Diagnostic X Ray,X Ray Radiology, Diagnostic,X Ray, Diagnostic,X-Rays, Diagnostic
D012016 Reference Values The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality. Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D002508 Cephalometry The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD. Craniometry
D005146 Facial Asymmetry Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face. Asymmetries, Facial,Asymmetry, Facial,Facial Asymmetries
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults

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