Biomaterial Database

Total parenteral alimentation in childhood general considerations. 1975

D H Shmerling

The paper presents a discussion of the definition, the indications and some of the difficulties and complications of total long-term parenteral alimentation in infants and children. The problems of protein quality, the inadequacy of the E/T ratio, the quantities and quality of carbohydrates and the metabolic complications due to inappropriate electrolyte and mineral salts composition are reviewed. It is pointed out that the optimal amounts of some of the components used are still under investigation, that there seems to be no imperative reason not to use glucose as the sole carbohydrate in this age group and that most of the possible long-term sequelae and complications of total long-term parenteral alimentation will have to be looked for by prospective studies of the children treated.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D010288	Parenteral Nutrition	The administering of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient who cannot maintain adequate nutrition by enteral feeding alone. Nutrients are administered by a route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously).	Intravenous Feeding,Nutrition, Parenteral,Parenteral Feeding,Feeding, Intravenous,Feeding, Parenteral,Feedings, Intravenous,Feedings, Parenteral,Intravenous Feedings,Parenteral Feedings
D010710	Phosphates	Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.	Inorganic Phosphate,Phosphates, Inorganic,Inorganic Phosphates,Orthophosphate,Phosphate,Phosphate, Inorganic
D011446	Prospective Studies	Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.	Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D002404	Catheterization	Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.	Cannulation,Cannulations,Catheterizations
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D004655	Emulsions	Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.	Emulsion
D005223	Fats	The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
D005633	Fructose Intolerance	An autosomal recessive fructose metabolism disorder due to deficient fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (EC 2.1.2.13) activity, resulting in accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate. The accumulated fructose-1-phosphate inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing severe hypoglycemia following ingestion of fructose. Prolonged fructose ingestion in infants leads ultimately to hepatic failure and death. Patients develop a strong distaste for sweet food, and avoid a chronic course of the disease by remaining on a fructose- and sucrose-free diet.	ALDOB Deficiency,Aldolase B Deficiency,Fructose Aldolase B Deficiency,Fructose Intolerance, Hereditary,Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate Aldolase Deficiency,Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase B Deficiency,Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase Deficiency,Fructosemia,Hereditary Fructose Intolerance,ALDOB Deficiencies,Aldolase B Deficiencies,Aldolase Deficiencies, Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate,Aldolase Deficiencies, Fructose-1-Phosphate,Aldolase Deficiency, Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate,Aldolase Deficiency, Fructose-1-Phosphate,Deficiencies, ALDOB,Deficiencies, Aldolase B,Deficiencies, Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate Aldolase,Deficiencies, Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase,Deficiency, ALDOB,Deficiency, Aldolase B,Deficiency, Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate Aldolase,Deficiency, Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase,Fructose 1 Phosphate Aldolase Deficiency,Fructose 1,6 Biphosphate Aldolase Deficiency,Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate Aldolase B Deficiency,Fructose Intolerances,Fructose Intolerances, Hereditary,Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate Aldolase Deficiencies,Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase Deficiencies,Fructosemias,Hereditary Fructose Intolerances,Intolerance, Fructose,Intolerances, Fructose
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose