Fractures of the mandible and maxilla are often caused by car accidents or by falling from a height. Frequently the fractures are open, especially when the fracture is located rostrally. During diagnostic work-up, special attention should be given to concomitant injury of the brain, and to cervical and thoracic injuries. The principles of treatment for jaw fractures are identical to those for complicated long bone fractures. Adaptations of techniques are necessary because of the need for undisturbed food intake, the presence of dental elements in the fragments, the poor soft tissue coverage especially in the rostral part of the mandible, and the typical mechanical load of the bones. The dental roots should be avoided when possible. Pharyngostomy prior to fracture treatment allows optimal assessment of the occlusion during surgery. In general, the treatment should permit non-supported food intake by the patient after surgery.