Rapid coma resolution with artemether in Malawian children with cerebral malaria. 1993

T E Taylor, and B A Wills, and P Kazembe, and M Chisale, and J J Wirima, and E Y Ratsma, and M E Molyneux
Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.

Artemisinin compounds clear parasitaemia more rapidly than other drugs do in both mild and severe malaria, but no advantage in clinical efficacy has been shown. We have compared artemether treatment with standard quinine treatment in Malawian children with cerebral malaria. 65 unconscious children were randomly allocated to intravenous quinine (n = 37) or intramuscular artemether (n = 28) treatment. The two groups were well matched for various prognostic features. Median parasite clearance times were shorter in the artemether group (28 [interquartile range 18-34] vs 40 [36-44] h in the quinine group, p = 0.0002). Coma resolution times were also shorter with artemether than with quinine (8 [4-15] vs 14 [10-36] h, p = 0.01).

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007223 Infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. Infants
D008295 Malawi A republic in southern Africa east of ZAMBIA and MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland. Nyasaland,Republic of Malawi
D008297 Male Males
D010963 Plasmodium falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium falciparums,falciparums, Plasmodium
D011803 Quinine An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. Biquinate,Legatrim,Myoquin,Quinamm,Quinbisan,Quinbisul,Quindan,Quinimax,Quinine Bisulfate,Quinine Hydrochloride,Quinine Lafran,Quinine Sulfate,Quinine Sulphate,Quinine-Odan,Quinoctal,Quinson,Quinsul,Strema,Surquina,Bisulfate, Quinine,Hydrochloride, Quinine,Sulfate, Quinine,Sulphate, Quinine
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003128 Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. Comatose,Pseudocoma,Comas,Pseudocomas
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077549 Artemether An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA. Artemether, (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6alpha,8abeta,9alpha,10beta,12beta,12aR*))-isomer,Artemether, (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8aalpha,9alpha,10beta,12beta,12aR*))-isomer,Artemether, (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,12aR*))-isomer,Artenam,O-Methyldihydroartemisinine,alpha-Artemether,beta-Arthemeter,O Methyldihydroartemisinine,alpha Artemether,beta Arthemeter

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