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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and plasmid analyses were used to evaluate an outbreak of Haemophilus ducreyi in San Francisco. Fifty-four cases of culture-confirmed chancroid occurred between May 1989 and May 1991. Of these, 46 (96%) were in men and 35 (65%) were in blacks; the median age of patients was 34 years. Among the 32 isolates submitted for RFLP and plasmid analyses, six different HindIII RFLP patterns were identified. Two RFLP types were found in patients who had recently traveled to Los Angeles, Korea, or El Salvador. Four RFLP types appeared to be acquired locally and were more common among blacks (P = .002), in patients with a history of a sexually transmitted disease (P = .01), and in those who used drugs or exchanged drugs or money for sex (P = .08). The use of RFLP analysis confirmed that this outbreak was associated with multiple strains of H. ducreyi and allowed for the identification of risk factors for locally acquired chancroid.
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
July 1993,
Journal of forensic sciences,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
October 1982,
The American review of respiratory disease,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
January 2002,
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996),
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
February 1939,
California and western medicine,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
January 1992,
The Australasian journal of dermatology,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
January 1990,
Reviews of infectious diseases,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
March 1990,
Hospital security and safety management,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
June 1937,
California and western medicine,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
May 1990,
La Revue du praticien,
J M Flood, and
S K Sarafian, and
G A Bolan, and
C Lammel, and
J Engelman, and
R M Greenblatt, and
G F Brooks, and
A Back, and
S A Morse
March 1993,
The American journal of psychiatry,
