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Role of extracellular calcium in the regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation in cultured human keratinocytes. 1994

J P van Leeuwen, and H A Pols, and G C van den Bemd, and J Kempenaar, and H B Thio, and J C Birkenhäger, and M Ponec
Department of Internal Medicine III, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Cultured normal human keratinocytes (NHK) provide a useful experimental model for studies of processes occurring during terminal differentiation, since the extent of keratinocyte maturation can be manipulated experimentally by modulation of extracellular calcium concentration. When NHK are maintained in low calcium (0.06 mM) medium they proliferate but do not stratify. Raising the level of calcium to 1-2 mM results within a few hours in induction of keratinocyte differentiation. Results of the present study show that formation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 is higher in NHK grown at 0.06 mM than in NHK grown at 1.6 mM calcium concentration. After 2 h exposure of low calcium cultures to 1.6 mM calcium the 1,25-(OH)2D3 production starts to decrease. On the other hand, exposure of cells cultured in 1.6 mM calcium medium to 0.06 mM calcium concentration induced already within 4 h an increase in 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation which was not accompanied by a decrease in cornified envelope formation. Thereby, the present study demonstrated that calcium can regulate 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation independently of changes in keratinocyte differentiation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002117 Calcitriol The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1, 25-(OH)2D3,1,25(OH)2D3,1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin D3,1,25(OH)2-20epi-D3,1,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin D3,20-epi-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecaliferol,Bocatriol,Calcijex,Calcitriol KyraMed,Calcitriol-Nefro,Decostriol,MC-1288,MC1288,Osteotriol,Renatriol,Rocaltrol,Silkis,Sitriol,Soltriol,Tirocal,1 alpha,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1,25 dihydroxy 20 epi Vitamin D3,Calcitriol Nefro,D3, 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin,D3, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin,D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin,KyraMed, Calcitriol,MC 1288
D002118 Calcium A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002454 Cell Differentiation Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015603 Keratinocytes Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell. Keratinocyte

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