Adult Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph1-positive ALL) represents about 30% of all adult ALL, and is considered a poor prognosis disease, since complete remission (CR), which can be achieved in 50-70% of cases, is usually short in patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. Presently bone marrow transplantation, performed early in first CR is becoming the treatment of choice, as it has shown to be able to cure some cases. In a ten-year period, at our department, among 108 adult ALL patients, in which cytogenetics was successfully carried out at diagnosis, 24 (22%) resulted Ph1-positive. Molecular biology was performed in 13 out of these 24 patients: 10 patients showed a p210 rearrangement and three p190. All patients have been treated at induction with conventional drugs, with a CR rate of 96%. As post-remission therapy, the first 17 cases (group 1) followed a chemotherapeutic program, like the other adult ALL; while the remaining six patients (group 2) have been enrolled in a pilot study including early BM transplantation. In group 1, the median overall duration of first CR is 7 months; 50% of relapses were recorded within the first 6 months, although in this group five patients exhibited a first CR prolonged more than 30 months. In group 2, among the six patients, three were submitted to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and three to autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Overall median duration of first CR is 13 months. Three patients relapsed, three are in continuous CR for 11, 31 and 32 months.