Biomaterial Database

Discrimination of Rhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium lupini, Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizobium leguminosarum and of bacteroids by uptake of 2-ketoglutaric acid, glutamic acid and phosphate. 1976

D Werner, and K Berghäuser

Rhizobium strains (one each of Rh. japonicum, Rh. lupini, Rh. leguminosarum) take up 2-ketoglutaric acid in general much faster and from lower concentrations in the medium than strains of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Chromobacterium violaceum. A strain of Enterobacter aerogenes, however, is more similar to some Rhizobium strains. The same strains of Rhizobium take up also phosphate much faster and from lower concentrations than the other bacteria tested. 4 strains of Rh. lupini proved to be significantly different from 4 strains of Rh. trifolii in taking up L-glutamic acid from three to ten times lower concentration within 5 h. A similar difference was noticed between 5 strains of Rh. leguminosarum and 2 strains of Rh. japonicum for the uptake of 2-ketoglutaric acid and of L-glutamic acid. Isolated bacteroids from nodules of Glycine max var. Chippeway have a reduced uptake capacity for glutamic acid and for 2-ketoglutaric acid during the first 10-12 h, but reach the same value after 24 h as free living Rh. japonicum cells. The differences in the uptake kinetics are independent of cell concentration. The group II Rhizobium strains (Rh. japonicum and Rh. lupini, slow growing Rhizobium) are characterized by a rapid uptake of glutamic acid to a low remaining concentration of 1-3 X 10(-7) M and an uptake of 2-ketoglutaric acid to a remaining concentration of 2-5 X 10(-7) M. The group I Rhizobium strains (Rh. trifolii and Rh. leguminosarum, fast growing Rhizobium), can be characterized by a much slower uptake of both substances with a more than ten times higher concentration of both metabolites remaining in the medium after the same time.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007656	Ketoglutaric Acids	A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)	Oxoglutarates,2-Ketoglutarate,2-Ketoglutaric Acid,2-Oxoglutarate,2-Oxoglutaric Acid,Calcium Ketoglutarate,Calcium alpha-Ketoglutarate,Ketoglutaric Acid,Oxogluric Acid,alpha-Ketoglutarate,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Calcium Salt (2:1),alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Diammonium Salt,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Dipotassium Salt,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Disodium Salt,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Monopotassium Salt,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Monosodium Salt,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Potassium Salt,alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Sodium Salt,alpha-Oxoglutarate,2 Ketoglutarate,2 Ketoglutaric Acid,2 Oxoglutarate,2 Oxoglutaric Acid,Calcium alpha Ketoglutarate,alpha Ketoglutarate,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Diammonium Salt,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Dipotassium Salt,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Disodium Salt,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Monopotassium Salt,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Monosodium Salt,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Potassium Salt,alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Sodium Salt,alpha Oxoglutarate,alpha-Ketoglutarate, Calcium
D010710	Phosphates	Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.	Inorganic Phosphate,Phosphates, Inorganic,Inorganic Phosphates,Orthophosphate,Phosphate,Phosphate, Inorganic
D002861	Chromobacterium	A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring in soil and water. Its organisms are generally nonpathogenic, but some species do cause infections of mammals, including humans.
D004755	Enterobacteriaceae	A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.	Coliform Bacilli,Enterobacteria,Ewingella,Leclercia,Paracolobactrum,Sodalis
D004926	Escherichia coli	A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.	Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D005971	Glutamates	Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.	Glutamic Acid Derivatives,Glutamic Acids,Glutaminic Acids
D001412	Bacillus subtilis	A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.	Natto Bacteria,Bacillus subtilis (natto),Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto,Bacillus subtilis var. natto
D012231	Rhizobium	A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.
D013045	Species Specificity	The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.	Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species