Prenatal substance abuse and pregnancy outcomes among African American women. 1994

U J Oyemade, and O J Cole, and A A Johnson, and E M Knight, and O E Westney, and H Laryea, and G Hill, and E Cannon, and A Fomufod, and L S Westney
Department of Human Development, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.

Subjects in this prospective observational study were 467 nulliparous women, ages 16-35, recruited at the prenatal clinics of a university hospital and a public hospital. Using a purposive sampling approach, and entry questionnaire and a series of psychosocial instruments were administered throughout the pregnancy course to assess stress, anxiety, body image, self-esteem, pregnancy symptoms, locus of control, and partner's interaction. Several pregnancy outcome measures were determined after delivery. Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessments were performed two days after birth of infants delivered to the maternal subjects. Self-reported substance abuse data were obtained from the entry questionnaire and the medical intake records, with usage characterized in terms of occurrence prior to and/or during pregnancy. Illicit drug users during pregnancy had lower self-esteem, greater stress, more pregnancy symptoms, a more negative pre-pregnancy body image and less favorable interactions with their partners. T test results show that infants of smokers had smaller head circumferences, shorter body length, and less optimal Brazelton orientation performance. Infants of illicit drug users had smaller head circumferences and shorter body lengths.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007231 Infant, Newborn An infant during the first 28 days after birth. Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D011248 Pregnancy Complications Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases. Adverse Birth Outcomes,Complications, Pregnancy,Adverse Birth Outcome,Birth Outcome, Adverse,Complication, Pregnancy,Outcome, Adverse Birth,Pregnancy Complication
D011256 Pregnancy Outcome Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; or SPONTANEOUS ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO. Outcome, Pregnancy,Outcomes, Pregnancy,Pregnancy Outcomes
D011446 Prospective Studies Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D011610 Psychosocial Deprivation The absence of appropriate stimuli in the physical or social environment which are necessary for the emotional, social, and intellectual development of the individual. Deprivation, Psychosocial,Deprivations, Psychosocial,Psychosocial Deprivations
D011795 Surveys and Questionnaires Collections of data obtained from voluntary subjects. The information usually takes the form of answers to questions, or suggestions. Community Survey,Nonrespondent,Questionnaire,Questionnaires,Respondent,Survey,Survey Method,Survey Methods,Surveys,Baseline Survey,Community Surveys,Methodology, Survey,Nonrespondents,Questionnaire Design,Randomized Response Technique,Repeated Rounds of Survey,Respondents,Survey Methodology,Baseline Surveys,Design, Questionnaire,Designs, Questionnaire,Methods, Survey,Questionnaire Designs,Questionnaires and Surveys,Randomized Response Techniques,Response Technique, Randomized,Response Techniques, Randomized,Survey, Baseline,Survey, Community,Surveys, Baseline,Surveys, Community,Techniques, Randomized Response
D001724 Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. Birthweight,Birth Weights,Birthweights,Weight, Birth,Weights, Birth
D001741 Black or African American A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa (https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/1997/10/30/97-28653/revisions-to-the-standards-for-the classification-of-federal-data-on-race-and-ethnicity). In the United States it is used for classification of federal government data on race and ethnicity. Race and ethnicity terms are self-identified social construct and may include terms outdated and offensive in MeSH to assist users who are interested in retrieving comprehensive search results for studies such as in longitudinal studies. African American,African Americans,African-American,Afro-American,Afro-Americans,Black Americans,Blacks,Negroes,African-Americans,Negro,Afro American,Afro Americans,American, African,American, Black,Black American
D002652 Child Behavior Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, INFANT BEHAVIOR is available. Behavior, Child

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