Dramatic advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) have profoundly increased their survival rate. More than 500,000 patients in the United States with functionally significant congenital cardiac defects have reached adulthood. The focus of this article is to present an overview of the long-term surgical outcomes of the following common congenital heart defects: atrial septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great arteries.