Biomaterial Database

Concurrent identification of calpains I and II from chicken skeletal muscle. 1994

S G Birkhold, and A R Sams

Department of Poultry Science, Texas A & M University System, College Station 77843-2472.

A single anion-exchange column resolved two peaks of calcium-activated neutral protease activity, corresponding to the two calpain forms chicken skeletal muscle. Multiple columns have previously been needed to resolve the two isoforms from avian tissue. Calcium requirement assays confirmed one form to require approximately 100 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity, while the other required approximately 500 microM Ca2+. Electrophoresis revealed that the enzymes were not purified to homogeneity.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007527	Isoenzymes	Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.	Alloenzyme,Allozyme,Isoenzyme,Isozyme,Isozymes,Alloenzymes,Allozymes
D008970	Molecular Weight	The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.	Molecular Weights,Weight, Molecular,Weights, Molecular
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D011487	Protein Conformation	The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).	Conformation, Protein,Conformations, Protein,Protein Conformations
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002154	Calpain	Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease,Calcium-Dependent Neutral Proteinase,Ca2+-Activated Protease,Calcium-Activated Neutral Proteinase,Calcium-Activated Protease,Calcium-Dependent Neutral Protease,Calpain I,Calpain II,Desminase,Ca2+ Activated Protease,Calcium Activated Neutral Protease,Calcium Activated Neutral Proteinase,Calcium Activated Protease,Calcium Dependent Neutral Protease,Calcium Dependent Neutral Proteinase,Neutral Protease, Calcium-Activated,Neutral Protease, Calcium-Dependent,Neutral Proteinase, Calcium-Activated,Neutral Proteinase, Calcium-Dependent,Protease, Ca2+-Activated,Protease, Calcium-Activated,Protease, Calcium-Activated Neutral,Protease, Calcium-Dependent Neutral,Proteinase, Calcium-Activated Neutral,Proteinase, Calcium-Dependent Neutral
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D002852	Chromatography, Ion Exchange	Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.	Chromatography, Ion-Exchange,Ion-Exchange Chromatography,Chromatographies, Ion Exchange,Chromatographies, Ion-Exchange,Ion Exchange Chromatographies,Ion Exchange Chromatography,Ion-Exchange Chromatographies
D004591	Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel	Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.	Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGE,Gel Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide,SDS PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGEs
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia