In this study, the hypothesis that teenagers with high caries activity on proximal surfaces receive more preventive care in the Swedish Public Dental Health Service than those with lower caries activity on these surfaces, was tested in an audit study. Dental records and bitewing radiographs from 1987 and 1991 were used to assess caries progression in 406 teenagers from the age of 13 to the age of 17. The time allocated to prevention during the period was also registered. Caries progression as a measure of disease activity was tested. The results showed that the hypothesis could not be verified. The Odds ratio was 1.35, indicating that the chance to get more than 15 min preventive time during 4 yr was only 1.35 times higher if you were highly caries active than if you were less caries active. Although the reproducibility of the method to use caries progression as a measure of disease activity was not high, it was considered a better indicator of active disease than the number of DMF surfaces.