Considering the different pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal ulcers, it does not seem proper to speak of "gastroduodenal ulcer" and to postulate that bleeding gastic ulcer must be treated by resection only and the bleeding duodenal ulcer by vagotomy. Certainly our catamnestic enquiry shows that the B II gastric resection is favorable with regard to relapse and mortality rates in bleeding gastric ulcer, and the principle of vagotomy is good in bleeding duodenal ulcer; but we are of the opinion that after the introduction of controlled, selective, proximal vagotomy, only this procedure should be used for bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcers, because in this way the disadvantages of resection and the complications of truncal vagotomy can be avoided and complete intra-operative control is possible.