-transparent.png){kind=logo}
OBJECTIVE Conflicting data have been reported regarding development of serum antibodies to botulinum A toxin. The purpose of this study is to determine conclusively whether antibody production to this toxin occurs in humans, and, if so, to determine its relationship, if any, to length of treatment, total cumulative dose, and clinical response to treatment. METHODS Sixty-five sera samples from 42 adults treated with botulinum A toxin for essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, or spasmodic torticollis were analyzed via a sphere-linked immunodiagnostic assay for antibody production. Results were plotted against length of treatment, number of injections, cumulative dose, and treatment effect produced. RESULTS Twenty-four (57%) of the 42 patients produced antibodies in all three diagnostic groups. No significant differences were found between antibody producers and nonproducers with respect to age (P = 0.216), length of treatment (P = 0.586), number of injections (P = 0.619), or total cumulative dose (P = 0.286). Within the antibody-producing group, there was no significant correlation between amount of antibody and length of treatment (P = 0.081), number of injections (P = 0.134), or cumulative dose (P = 0.250). The presence of demonstrable antibodies in serum did not affect the clinical responsiveness to injection. CONCLUSIONS Antibody production is present in a majority of patients treated with botulinum A toxin. The sphere-linked immunodiagnostic assay is a reliable and reproducible method for detecting and quantifying these antibodies. When antibody production occurs, it is likely due to variations in individual immune responsiveness and appears to have no direct effect on the patient's clinical response to treatment.
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
October 1982,
Journal of clinical microbiology,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
January 2009,
Aesthetic surgery journal,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
February 1986,
American journal of ophthalmology,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
January 2002,
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
August 2003,
Journal of neurology,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
March 1990,
Applied and environmental microbiology,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
May 2004,
Annals of neurology,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
September 2018,
Current opinion in ophthalmology,
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
November 2003,
Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960),
R M Siatkowski, and
A Tyutyunikov, and
A W Biglan, and
D Scalise, and
C Genovese, and
R B Raikow, and
J S Kennerdell, and
W J Feuer
December 2003,
Der Nervenarzt,
