Biomaterial Database

[Toxicity of sodium nitroprusside (author's transl)]. 1976

K Wiedemann

The mode of breakdown of sodium nitroprusside (NPN) is described and the fact is pointed out that cyanide is formed during the process. The main mode of detoxication leads to the production of thiocyanate. Potential effects of cyanide formation are: blocking of cytochrome oxidase and carbonic anhydrase and cyanmethaemoglobin. The clinical features of NPN poisoning are reviewed. The importance of preventing NPN poisoning by strictly adhering to the maximun doses (1.5mg/kg bodyweight) is emphasized. Anti-dose are; injections of hydroxycobalamin (22.4 mg/mg NPN) and sodium thiosulfate (5.0 mg/mg NPN). The use of drugs to induce methaemoglobin formation is now obsolete. As only very few cases of NPN poisoning have so far been reported; there is no need to discontinue the use of this drug, provided the maximun dosis is not exceeded and the patient is under strict surveillance.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007023	Hypotension, Controlled	Procedure in which arterial blood pressure is intentionally reduced in order to control blood loss during surgery. This procedure is performed either pharmacologically or by pre-surgical removal of blood.	Controlled Hypotension,Hypotension, Induced,Induced Hypotension
D008297	Male		Males
D008658	Inactivation, Metabolic	Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.	Detoxication, Drug, Metabolic,Drug Detoxication, Metabolic,Metabolic Detoxication, Drug,Detoxification, Drug, Metabolic,Metabolic Detoxification, Drug,Metabolic Drug Inactivation,Detoxication, Drug Metabolic,Detoxication, Metabolic Drug,Detoxification, Drug Metabolic,Drug Inactivation, Metabolic,Drug Metabolic Detoxication,Drug Metabolic Detoxification,Inactivation, Metabolic Drug,Metabolic Drug Detoxication,Metabolic Inactivation
D009200	Myocardial Contraction	Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.	Heart Contractility,Inotropism, Cardiac,Cardiac Inotropism,Cardiac Inotropisms,Contractilities, Heart,Contractility, Heart,Contraction, Myocardial,Contractions, Myocardial,Heart Contractilities,Inotropisms, Cardiac,Myocardial Contractions
D009599	Nitroprusside	A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.	Nitroferricyanide,Sodium Nitroprusside,Cyanonitrosylferrate,Ketostix,Naniprus,Nipride,Nipruton,Nitriate,Nitropress,Nitroprussiat Fides,Nitroprusside, Disodium Salt,Nitroprusside, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate,Disodium Salt Nitroprusside,Nitroprusside, Sodium
D003486	Cyanides	Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.	Cyanide,Isocyanide,Isocyanides
D005260	Female		Females
D005292	Ferricyanides	Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000138	Acidosis	A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	Metabolic Acidosis,Acidoses,Acidoses, Metabolic,Acidosis, Metabolic,Metabolic Acidoses