Biomaterial Database

Cerebral metabolism and effects of pulsatile flow during retrograde cerebral perfusion. 1993

T Nojima, and A Mori, and S Watarida, and M Onoe

Second Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan.

We evaluated cerebral metabolism during retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) and circulatory arrest under profound hypothermia, and also investigated the effect of pulsatile flow on RCP. Eighteen adult mongrel dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and were cooled to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 20 degrees C. At this temperature, hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA; n = 6), non-pulsatile RCP (NP-RCP; n = 6), and pulsatile RCP (P-RCP; n = 6) were performed for 60 minutes. Retrograde cerebral perfusion was performed via the bilateral internal maxillary veins, and retrograde flow rate was regulated to maintain a mean perfusion pressure of 20 mmHg in the external jugular vein. During RCP, the temperature was maintained in a narrow range, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion could be observed, the excess lactate was maintained at a negative value, and cerebral tissue ATP concentration was significantly higher than in the HCA group. The cerebral tissue water content was significantly lower in the P-RCP group than in the NP-RCP group. These findings suggest that hypothermia of the central nervous system, the supply of oxygen, the excretion of metabolites, aerobic metabolism, and the cerebral ATP level were maintained by RCP. In conclusion, RCP may possibly provide adequate metabolic support for the brain during total circulatory arrest, and pulsatile flow appears to reduce cerebral edema when compared with non-pulsatile flow in dogs.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007036	Hypothermia, Induced	Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.	Induced Hypothermia,Mild Hypothermia, Induced,Moderate Hypothermia, Induced,Targeted Temperature Management,Therapeutic Hypothermia,Hypothermia, Therapeutic,Induced Mild Hypothermia,Induced Mild Hypothermias,Induced Moderate Hypothermia,Induced Moderate Hypothermias,Mild Hypothermias, Induced,Moderate Hypothermias, Induced,Targeted Temperature Managements
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D010477	Perfusion	Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.	Perfusions
D011673	Pulsatile Flow	Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.	Flow, Pulsating,Perfusion, Pulsatile,Flow, Pulsatile,Flows, Pulsatile,Flows, Pulsating,Perfusions, Pulsatile,Pulsatile Flows,Pulsatile Perfusion,Pulsatile Perfusions,Pulsating Flow,Pulsating Flows
D001834	Body Water	Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.	Water, Body
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002245	Carbon Dioxide	A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.	Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D002560	Cerebrovascular Circulation	The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.	Brain Blood Flow,Regional Cerebral Blood Flow,Cerebral Blood Flow,Cerebral Circulation,Cerebral Perfusion Pressure,Circulation, Cerebrovascular,Blood Flow, Brain,Blood Flow, Cerebral,Brain Blood Flows,Cerebral Blood Flows,Cerebral Circulations,Cerebral Perfusion Pressures,Circulation, Cerebral,Flow, Brain Blood,Flow, Cerebral Blood,Perfusion Pressure, Cerebral,Pressure, Cerebral Perfusion
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D006324	Heart Arrest, Induced	A procedure to stop the contraction of MYOCARDIUM during HEART SURGERY. It is usually achieved with the use of chemicals (CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS) or cold temperature (such as chilled perfusate).	Cardiac Arrest, Induced,Cardioplegia,Induced Cardiac Arrest,Induced Heart Arrest,Cardioplegias