The avenues of development, successes and failures of modern neurosurgery taking into account the factors of its humanisation and dehumanisation are analysed. A new model of humanisation of neurosurgery to give it a human face for the future is outlined. Suggestions are made to prepare the neurosurgeons for 21st century. The main pre-condition for the humanisation of neurosurgery in the 21st century are that neurosurgeon must not only be Homo Sapiens, but also Homo Moralis.