The study was made of submicroscopic changes in the cells of bone marrow and splenic microenvironment in mice developing virus-induced Rauscher leukemia. As shown by electron microscopy, ultrastructural cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry, ultrastructure of the complexes from the stromal and hemopoietic cells underwent noticeable alterations as early as the first days after the virus introduction. This suggests that bone marrow is the primary target of the virus in Rauscher leukemia. Affections of the macrophages, dendrite, interdigital and lymphoid cells of the spleen reflect their participation in the body defenses against the virus. Progressive shift of erythropoiesis from the bone marrow into the spleen is related to morphofunctional changes in the microenvironmental cells. The findings may be useful in consideration of cellular pathogenetic aspects of acute leukemia.