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In vitro acute effects of tobacco smoke on tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 production by alveolar macrophages. 1993

V Dubar, and P Gosset, and C Aerts, and C Voisin, and B Wallaert, and A B Tonnel
Laboratoire de Pathologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et de Pollution, Atmosphérique, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France.

Tobacco smoke is a usual form of oxidant aggression present in the domestic environment. In the present study, the in vitro acute effects of a 2-cigarette smoke gas phase were evaluated on cell viability and cytokine secretion by alveolar macrophages (AM) from guinea pigs and human healthy subjects. Cell injury was estimated immediately after smoke exposure by evaluation of ATP cell content (measured by bioluminescence) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the culture medium. LDH release was also measured when the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) activities were evaluated. No cytotoxic effect was found: The ATP cell content of both guinea pig AM and human AM did not significantly change after tobacco smoke exposure. Similarly, the LDH release in the culture medium was unchanged both immediately after tobacco smoke exposure and at the time of the cytokine evaluation (18-20 h later) compared to cells cultured in the air. The total protein synthesis by the guinea pig AM evaluated by 35S-L-methionine labeling was unaffected by tobacco smoke exposure. The production of IL-6 and TNF activities was evaluated 18-20 h after smoke exposure. The IL-6 activity was measured by the proliferation test of 7TD1 hybridoma cell line; the TNF activity was evaluated by the L929 mouse fibroblast cytotoxic test and by an immunoradiometric assay (for human AM). A 2-cigarette smoke exposure decreased both activities significantly. The exposure of the guinea pig AM reduced IL-6 activity by 24.3 +/- 6.7%, 42.4 +/- 7.8%, and 39.7 +/- 9.6% and TNF activity by 33.8 +/- 10.4%, 35.1 +/- 10.7%, and 38.8 +/- 9.9% (respectively unstimulated cells and AM activated by 0.1 and 10 micrograms LPS/mL). The decrease in monokine production by the human AM was, respectively, 57.8 +/- 8.8%, 59.7 +/- 11.4%, and 49.9 +/- 10.5% of IL-6 activity and 37.4 +/- 14.6%, 17.6 +/- 9.6%, and 37.2 +/- 6.3% of TNF activity. The possible release of cytokine inhibitors was also investigated. The inhibitory activity against recombinant TNF and IL-6 was evaluated in culture medium from unstimulated AM exposed to tobacco smoke and did not significantly differ from that of AM exposed to air, demonstrating that the decrease of monokine levels could not be explained by the release of inhibitory factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D006168 Guinea Pigs A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research. Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006825 Hybridomas Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell. Hybridoma
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012907 Smoking Willful or deliberate act of inhaling and exhaling SMOKE from burning substances or agents held by hand. Smoking Behaviors,Smoking Habit,Behavior, Smoking,Behaviors, Smoking,Habit, Smoking,Habits, Smoking,Smoking Behavior,Smoking Habits
D014028 Tobacco Smoke Pollution Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke. Air Pollution, Tobacco Smoke,Environmental Pollution, Tobacco Smoke,Passive Smoking,Smoking, Passive,Environmental Smoke Pollution, Tobacco,Environmental Tobacco Smoke Pollution,Involuntary Smoking,Second Hand Smoke,Secondhand Smoke,Secondhand Smoking,Hand Smoke, Second,Hand Smokes, Second,Involuntary Smokings,Passive Smokings,Pollution, Tobacco Smoke,Pollutions, Tobacco Smoke,Second Hand Smokes,Secondhand Smokes,Secondhand Smokings,Smoke Pollution, Tobacco,Smoke Pollutions, Tobacco,Smoke, Second Hand,Smoke, Secondhand,Smokes, Second Hand,Smokes, Secondhand,Smoking, Involuntary,Smoking, Secondhand,Smokings, Involuntary,Smokings, Passive,Smokings, Secondhand,Tobacco Smoke Pollutions
D014409 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS. Cachectin,TNF-alpha,Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2,Cachectin-Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF Superfamily, Member 2,TNFalpha,Tumor Necrosis Factor,Cachectin Tumor Necrosis Factor,Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
D015850 Interleukin-6 A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS. Hepatocyte-Stimulating Factor,Hybridoma Growth Factor,IL-6,MGI-2,Myeloid Differentiation-Inducing Protein,Plasmacytoma Growth Factor,B Cell Stimulatory Factor-2,B-Cell Differentiation Factor,B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2,B-Cell Stimulatory Factor 2,B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2,BSF-2,Differentiation Factor, B-Cell,Differentiation Factor-2, B-Cell,IFN-beta 2,IL6,Interferon beta-2,B Cell Differentiation Factor,B Cell Differentiation Factor 2,B Cell Stimulatory Factor 2,Differentiation Factor 2, B Cell,Differentiation Factor, B Cell,Differentiation-Inducing Protein, Myeloid,Growth Factor, Hybridoma,Growth Factor, Plasmacytoma,Hepatocyte Stimulating Factor,Interferon beta 2,Interleukin 6,Myeloid Differentiation Inducing Protein,beta-2, Interferon
D016676 Macrophages, Alveolar Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells. Alveolar Macrophages,Macrophages, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Macrophages,Macrophage, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Macrophage,Alveolar Macrophage,Macrophage, Alveolar

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