Biomaterial Database

Strength of amalgam restorations bonded with Amalgambond. 1993

J A Ianzano, and J Mastrodomenico, and A J Gwinnett

Department of Oral Biology & Pathology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794.

The objective of this study was to determine the strength of bonded amalgam restorations involving an entire cusp. Four groups were established, each containing 13 caries-free, recently extracted molar teeth of similar size and anatomic form. The teeth were stored in 70% alcohol prior to the removal of a cusp and the cutting of a conventional preparation with an occlusal lock. Group A were restored with amalgam only, Group B with amalgam and a pin, Group C with amalgam and Amalgambond (4-META) and Group D with amalgam, a pin and Amalgambond. The teeth were blocked in stone and stored for 7 days in water at 37 degrees C. Using an Instron, a force was delivered at right angles to the inclined cuspal plane of the amalgam at its midcuspal point at a crosshead speed of 5 mm per minute. The load at failure was recorded and the assemblies recovered for fracture analysis using SEM. Group A failed at 33.61 +/- 15.17 Kg, Group B at 32.28 +/- 12.10 Kg, Group C at 48.53 +/- 21.93 Kg and Group D at 47.84 +/- 14.79 Kg. No statistically significant difference existed between Groups A and B, and Groups C and D. A significant difference (P < 0.002) existed between Groups A and C and B and D. Failure commonly occurred between cusp and occlusal lock or within the cusp when a pin was used. Bonded restorations with a pin incurred cohesive root failure. It was concluded that the strength of the amalgam restorations benefitted significantly from bonding but the Amalgambond system may be contraindicated for use with pins due to root fracture.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008422	Materials Testing	The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.	Biocompatibility Testing,Biocompatible Materials Testing,Hemocompatibility Testing,Testing, Biocompatible Materials,Testing, Hemocompatible Materials,Hemocompatibility Testings,Hemocompatible Materials Testing,Materials Testing, Biocompatible,Materials Testing, Hemocompatible,Testing, Biocompatibility,Testing, Hemocompatibility,Testing, Materials,Testings, Biocompatibility
D008689	Methacrylates	Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.	Methacrylate
D003723	Dental Amalgam	An alloy used in restorative dentistry that contains mercury, silver, tin, copper, and possibly zinc.	Amalgam, Dental,Amalgams, Dental,Dental Amalgams
D003772	Dental Pins	Small cylindrical pieces of metal used to enhance retention.	Dental Pegs,Dental Peg,Dental Pin,Peg, Dental,Pegs, Dental,Pin, Dental,Pins, Dental
D003793	Dental Restoration, Permanent	A restoration designed to remain in service for not less than 20 to 30 years, usually made of gold casting, cohesive gold, or amalgam. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)	Dental Fillings, Permanent,Dental Filling, Permanent,Dental Permanent Filling,Dental Permanent Fillings,Dental Restorations, Permanent,Filling, Dental Permanent,Filling, Permanent Dental,Fillings, Dental Permanent,Fillings, Permanent Dental,Permanent Dental Filling,Permanent Dental Fillings,Permanent Dental Restoration,Permanent Dental Restorations,Permanent Filling, Dental,Permanent Fillings, Dental,Restoration, Permanent Dental,Restorations, Permanent Dental
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000704	Analysis of Variance	A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.	ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D013718	Tensile Strength	The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)	Strength, Tensile,Strengths, Tensile,Tensile Strengths
D014082	Tooth Fractures	Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.	Fracture, Tooth,Fractures, Tooth,Tooth Fracture
D014092	Tooth Root	The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)	Root, Tooth,Roots, Tooth,Tooth Roots