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Coronary artery bypass graft patency can be assessed using the indirect techniques of evaluating patients' symptoms and exercise tolerance, changes in stress electrocardiogram, radioisotope regional perfusion, and myocardial wall contraction. The direct techniques assess graft patency directly by visualizing grafts using conventional computed tomography (CT), ultrafast CT, magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography, and echocardiography. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these modalities are reviewed. At the present time, ultrafast CT and possibly magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler appear to be the only techniques besides angiography that can consistently evaluate bypass graft patency. Although they have the advantage of being minimally invasive, they cannot show graft stenosis or sequential graft patency. These techniques are best used in following patients after coronary bypass graft surgery and ruling out graft closure as the source of chest pain.
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