Biomaterial Database

Okadaic acid, insulin, and denervation effects on glucose and amino acid transport and glycogen synthesis in muscle. 1993

K A Robinson, and K P Boggs, and M G Buse

Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.

Effects of okadaic acid (OKA) and calyculin A, cell-permeating specific inhibitors of phosphoprotein phosphatases-1 and -2A, were studied in isolated rat hemidiaphragms. OKA stimulated glucose transport (half-maximum = approximately 0.1 microM; maximum = approximately 1 microM) but was less effective than 6 nM insulin. Insulin and OKA effects were not additive. OKA diminished or abolished glucose transport-stimulation by insulin. System A amino acid transport was also stimulated by OKA, insulin was more effective, and preexposure to OKA inhibited insulin stimulation. Calyculin A affected both transport systems similarly to OKA. OKA did not affect basal glycogen synthesis but abolished its stimulation by insulin. Denervated muscles develop post-receptor insulin resistance. Glucose transport and glycogen synthesis were essentially unresponsive to insulin 3 days postdenervation; however, glucose transport was stimulated by OKA similarly to controls. OKA did not affect glycogen synthesis in denervated muscle except for abolishing a small insulin effect. The data suggest similar acute regulation of glucose and system A amino acid transport in muscle. Enhanced Ser/Thr phosphorylation of unidentified protein(s) stimulates both processes but inhibits their full stimulation by insulin. Postdenervation insulin resistance likely reflects impaired signal transduction.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D008297	Male		Males
D009121	Muscle Denervation	The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	Denervation, Muscle,Denervations, Muscle,Muscle Denervations
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D012016	Reference Values	The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.	Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D004988	Ethers, Cyclic	Compounds of the general formula R-O-R arranged in a ring or crown formation.	Cyclic Ether,Cyclic Ethers,Ether, Cyclic
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D006003	Glycogen
D000596	Amino Acids	Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.	Amino Acid,Acid, Amino,Acids, Amino
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia