Biomaterial Database

Assessment of the response in vivo and in vitro of Plasmodium falciparum to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the malarious areas of Iran. 1993

G H Edrissian, and A Afshar, and A Sayedzadeh, and G Mohsseni, and M T Satvat

School of Public Health, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Studies of drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum cases from SE Iran were carried out in vivo and in vitro during 1990-91. In a study of 26 chloroquine-resistant infections, using amodiaquine (25 mg kg-1 over 3 days), followed by two-thirds of the standard dose of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, six cases were resistant at the RI(3) and RII(3) levels. An additional study testing the standard dose of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in 43 chloroquine-resistant cases revealed five (11.6%) resistant at the RI(2) and RII(3) levels. Six of the above resistant infections were contracted in Hormozgan, three in Sistan-Baluchestan, one in Kerman provinces of Iran and one in Pakistan. In five of 22 successful in-vitro tests, carried out on different isolates, the parasites grew to schizonts (> or = 8 nuclei) in the wells containing 1000 pmol sulphadoxine and 12.5 pmol pyrimethamine, indicative of resistance.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007492	Iran	A country bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan. The capital is Tehran.	Islamic Republic of Iran
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D010963	Plasmodium falciparum	A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.	Plasmodium falciparums,falciparums, Plasmodium
D011739	Pyrimethamine	One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.	Chloridin,Daraprim,Malocide,Tindurine
D011803	Quinine	An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.	Biquinate,Legatrim,Myoquin,Quinamm,Quinbisan,Quinbisul,Quindan,Quinimax,Quinine Bisulfate,Quinine Hydrochloride,Quinine Lafran,Quinine Sulfate,Quinine Sulphate,Quinine-Odan,Quinoctal,Quinson,Quinsul,Strema,Surquina,Bisulfate, Quinine,Hydrochloride, Quinine,Sulfate, Quinine,Sulphate, Quinine
D012044	Regression Analysis	Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.	Regression Diagnostics,Statistical Regression,Analysis, Regression,Analyses, Regression,Diagnostics, Regression,Regression Analyses,Regression, Statistical,Regressions, Statistical,Statistical Regressions
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children