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Sentinel surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae--United States, 1988-1991. The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project Study Group. 1993

R J Gorwitz, and A K Nakashima, and J S Moran, and J S Knapp

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States has been increasing since the mid-1970s. METHODS The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) was established in 1986 to monitor trends of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae. GISP is a sentinel surveillance system consisting of 26 publicly funded sexually transmitted disease clinics and five regional laboratories. At each clinic, urethral isolates are obtained from the first 20 men diagnosed with gonorrhea each month; these isolates are shipped to one of the regional laboratories, where the susceptibilities of the organisms to a panel of antibiotics are determined. METHODS This report describes the results of surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae from January 1991 through December 1991. These results are compared with data obtained from January 1988 through December 1990. CONCLUSIONS In the 1991 GISP sample, 32.4% of isolates were resistant to penicillin or tetracycline. The proportions of isolates with high-level, plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both drugs have increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the GISP sample during 1988-1991. No documented clinical treatment failures have been related to decreased susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to either ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin, which belong to the classes of antibiotics currently recommended for gonococcal therapy. ACTION TAKEN: Because of the demonstrated ability of N. gonorrhoeae to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents, surveillance to guide therapy recommendations will be continued.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009344 Neisseria gonorrhoeae A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of GONORRHEA. Diplococcus gonorrhoeae,Gonococcus,Gonococcus neisseri,Merismopedia gonorrhoeae,Micrococcus der gonorrhoe,Micrococcus gonococcus,Micrococcus gonorrhoeae
D010406 Penicillins A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065) Antibiotics, Penicillin,Penicillin,Penicillin Antibiotics
D002443 Ceftriaxone A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears. Benaxona,Cefatriaxone,Cefaxona,Ceftrex,Ceftriaxon,Ceftriaxon Curamed,Ceftriaxon Hexal,Ceftriaxona Andreu,Ceftriaxona LDP Torlan,Ceftriaxone Irex,Ceftriaxone Sodium,Ceftriaxone Sodium, Anhydrous,Ceftriaxone, Disodium Salt,Ceftriaxone, Disodium Salt, Hemiheptahydrate,Lendacin,Longacef,Longaceph,Ro 13-9904,Ro-13-9904,Ro13-9904,Rocefalin,Rocefin,Rocephin,Rocephine,Tacex,Terbac,Anhydrous Ceftriaxone Sodium,Ro 13 9904,Ro 139904,Ro13 9904,Ro139904
D002939 Ciprofloxacin A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. Bay-09867,Ciprinol,Cipro,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Anhydrous,Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride Monohydrate,Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride,Bay 09867,Bay09867,Hydrochloride Anhydrous, Ciprofloxacin,Hydrochloride, Ciprofloxacin,Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin Monohydrochloride,Monohydrochloride Monohydrate, Ciprofloxacin
D004352 Drug Resistance, Microbial The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS). Antibiotic Resistance,Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial,Antimicrobial Resistance, Drug,Antimicrobial Drug Resistance,Antimicrobial Drug Resistances,Antimicrobial Resistances, Drug,Drug Antimicrobial Resistance,Drug Antimicrobial Resistances,Drug Resistances, Microbial,Resistance, Antibiotic,Resistance, Drug Antimicrobial,Resistances, Drug Antimicrobial
D006069 Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000198 Spectinomycin An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA. Actinospectacin,Adspec,Ferkel Spectam,Kempi,Prospec,Salmosan-T,Spectam,Spectinomycin Dihydrochloride, Anhydrous,Spectinomycin Dihydrochloride, Pentahydrate,Spectinomycin Hydrochloride,Stanilo,Trobicin,Salmosan T,Spectam, Ferkel
D013045 Species Specificity The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species. Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species

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