This paper reviews the literature on child and adolescent psychosexuality. It intends to identify the major trends in contemporary research in the field of psychosexual development. Reviewing first, the theories of the child and adolescent development, in exploring the psychosexuality dimension, it shows afterward that in the actual state of research two thematics are privileged in empirical literature: "gender" and "sexual and contraceptive attitudes-values-behaviours". These thema are mainly studied in the descriptive correlation researches which focus on gender identity, gender roles, gender differences in one part and on initiation to first sexual relationships, its predictors and consequences on the other part. In a whole, these data are factual rather than developmental in nature. These one identifies the facts inherent to development but they rarely shows the interaction between these facts nor their evolution in the courses of time. This literature review does not cover all the interests touched by the searchers in the field nor it pretend to fully examine the research content exposed in this paper. It limits itself to identify the major trends in the contemporary research and to offer some indication for the future.