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The freeze-fracturing technique has been used to investigate membrane architecture in the mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of Zea mays. The structural organization of mesophyll chloroplasts is virtually identical to that of other species of higher plants which have been investigated with this technique. Characteristic distributions of particles of various sizes are seen on each fracture face after membrane splitting during the fracturing process, and these distributions indicate the differentiation of the membrane system into sacked (grana) and unstacked (stroma) regions, typical of grana-containing chloroplasts. Bundle sheath chloroplasts contain very few grana, and the thylakoids of these plastids are therefore largely unstacked. Analysis of artificially unstacked mesophyll chloroplasts indicates that this difference is not merely related to the presence or absence of adhesion between adjacent thylakoids, but reflects a substantial difference in membrane substructure between mesophyll and bundle sheath photosynthetic membranes. Bundle sheath thylakoids contain virtually the same number of small (P fracture face) particles as mesophyll thylakoids, but contain only 40% as many of the larger (E fracture face) tetrameric particles. These differences, together with biochemical data indicating the comparative deficiency of bundle sheath chloroplasts in Photosystem II activity, suggest that the E face particles are related to the presence or absence of Photosystem II activity.
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