Biomaterial Database

Peripheral insulin resistance precedes the onset of hyperglycemia in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters of Asahikawa colony. 1993

M Takahashi, and M Eto, and I Makino

Second Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.

To investigate the pathogenesis of spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters of Asahikawa colony (CHAD), hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose uptake of several tissues were determined before the onset of hyperglycemia (prediabetic state). HGP was calculated as glucose disposal in postabsorptive state using [3-3H]glucose. Glucose uptake of various tissues was assessed as glucose utilization index (R'g) by the 2-deoxyglucose method. Plasma insulin level was increased in prediabetic CHAD but not decreased in CHAD with short-term diabetes compared with control Chinese hamsters (non-diabetic strain). HGP of prediabetic CHAD was similar to that of control Chinese hamsters. However, after developing overt hyperglycemia (> 200 mg/100 ml), HGP increased linearly with plasma glucose level. R'g of adductor longus, extensor digitorum longus and triceps was significantly decreased in prediabetic CHAD. R'g of interscapular brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue from inguinal, dorsal and epididymal sites were also decreased in prediabetic CHAD. Thus, peripheral insulin resistance precedes the development of hyperglycemia and may be a primary defect in CHAD. No significant difference of R'g in heart ventricle, diaphragm, tibialis anterior or brain was observed. In conclusion, insulin resistance in some muscles and brown and white adipose tissues precedes hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance in CHAD. Hepatic overproduction of glucose (hepatic insulin resistance) is a major factor responsible for overt basal hyperglycemia and may play an important role in developing further diabetic state.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007333	Insulin Resistance	Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	Insulin Sensitivity,Resistance, Insulin,Sensitivity, Insulin
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008297	Male		Males
D009928	Organ Specificity	Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.	Tissue Specificity,Organ Specificities,Specificities, Organ,Specificities, Tissue,Specificity, Organ,Specificity, Tissue,Tissue Specificities
D011236	Prediabetic State	The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	Prediabetes,Prediabetic States,State, Prediabetic,States, Prediabetic
D012016	Reference Values	The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.	Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D001786	Blood Glucose	Glucose in blood.	Blood Sugar,Glucose, Blood,Sugar, Blood
D002001	Adipose Tissue, Brown	A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.	Brown Fat,Hibernating Gland,Brown Adipose Tissue,Fat, Brown,Tissue, Brown Adipose
D003412	Cricetulus	A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.	Hamsters, Armenian,Hamsters, Chinese,Hamsters, Grey,Armenian Hamster,Armenian Hamsters,Chinese Hamster,Chinese Hamsters,Grey Hamster,Grey Hamsters,Hamster, Armenian,Hamster, Chinese,Hamster, Grey