Biomaterial Database

Activation of human platelets by monoclonal antibodies. 1993

P Perutelli, and P G Mori

IV Divisione di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.

Some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are able to induce platelet activation and/or aggregation in vitro. Such mAbs show specificity to important platelet membrane glycoproteins (GPs), including GPIIb/IIIa, GPIV, and the HLA complex. Different mechanisms are implicated in mAb-mediated platelet activation: mAbs can interact contemporarily with the target antigen by means of their Fab portion, and with the platelet Fc receptor (Fc gamma RII) through their Fc portion. Frequently, cross-linking Fc gamma RII causes receptor oligomerization, which in turn leads to platelet activation. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that the target antigen may entirely transduce the activation signal. The activation event sometimes results from a conformational shift of the target antigen. Investigation of the mechanisms leading to mAb-mediated platelet activation will presumably increase our knowledge about platelet activation pathways, and will help in the management of patients having serum platelet-aggregating autoantibodies or alloantibodies.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010980	Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins	Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors.	PM-GP,Platelet Glycoprotein,Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein,PM-GPs,Platelet Glycoproteins,Glycoprotein, Platelet,Glycoprotein, Platelet Membrane,Glycoproteins, Platelet,Glycoproteins, Platelet Membrane,Membrane Glycoprotein, Platelet,Membrane Glycoproteins, Platelet,PM GP
D011961	Receptors, Fc	Molecules found on the surface of some, but not all, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, which recognize and combine with the Fc (crystallizable) portion of immunoglobulin molecules.	Fc Receptors,Fc Receptor,Receptor, Fc
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000911	Antibodies, Monoclonal	Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.	Monoclonal Antibodies,Monoclonal Antibody,Antibody, Monoclonal
D000918	Antibody Specificity	The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.	Antibody Specificities,Specificities, Antibody,Specificity, Antibody
D015539	Platelet Activation	A series of progressive, overlapping events, triggered by exposure of the PLATELETS to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.	Activation, Platelet,Activations, Platelet,Platelet Activations
D046911	Macromolecular Substances	Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.	Macromolecular Complexes,Macromolecular Compounds,Macromolecular Compounds and Complexes,Complexes, Macromolecular,Compounds, Macromolecular,Substances, Macromolecular