Biomaterial Database

Regulation of insulin receptor signaling by protein-tyrosine dephosphorylation. 1993

B J Goldstein

Dorrance H. Hamilton Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) that dephosphorylate the active (autophosphorylated) form of the insulin receptor and attenuate its tyrosine kinase activity play an essential regulatory role in signaling mediated by the insulin receptor. PTPases also modulate signaling through postreceptor pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of cellular substrates of the insulin receptor kinase, such as IRS-1, or other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins along the cellular cascade of insulin action. Recent studies have provided important data regarding PTPase(s) in insulin-responsive tissues that may regulate various components of the insulin action pathway. Further studies in this area will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in insulin signaling and clarify the potential involvement of PTPases in the pathophysiology of insulin-resistant disease states.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011505	Protein-Tyrosine Kinases	Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.	Tyrosine Protein Kinase,Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinase,Protein-Tyrosine Kinase,Tyrosine Kinase,Tyrosine Protein Kinases,Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinases,Tyrosylprotein Kinase,Kinase, Protein-Tyrosine,Kinase, Tyrosine,Kinase, Tyrosine Protein,Kinase, Tyrosine-Specific Protein,Kinase, Tyrosylprotein,Kinases, Protein-Tyrosine,Kinases, Tyrosine Protein,Kinases, Tyrosine-Specific Protein,Protein Kinase, Tyrosine-Specific,Protein Kinases, Tyrosine,Protein Kinases, Tyrosine-Specific,Protein Tyrosine Kinase,Protein Tyrosine Kinases,Tyrosine Specific Protein Kinase,Tyrosine Specific Protein Kinases
D011972	Receptor, Insulin	A cell surface receptor for INSULIN. It comprises a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The receptor contains an intrinsic TYROSINE KINASE domain that is located within the beta subunit. Activation of the receptor by INSULIN results in numerous metabolic changes including increased uptake of GLUCOSE into the liver, muscle, and ADIPOSE TISSUE.	Insulin Receptor,Insulin Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase,Insulin Receptor alpha Subunit,Insulin Receptor beta Subunit,Insulin Receptor alpha Chain,Insulin Receptor beta Chain,Insulin-Dependent Tyrosine Protein Kinase,Receptors, Insulin,Insulin Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase,Insulin Receptors
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D017027	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases	An enzyme group that specifically dephosphorylates phosphotyrosyl residues in selected proteins. Together with PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE, it regulates tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in cellular signal transduction and may play a role in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.	Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase,Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatase,Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,PTPase,Phosphotyrosyl Protein Phosphatase,Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase,Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosine,Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosyl Protein,Phosphatase, Protein-Tyrosine,Phosphatase, Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein,Phosphatases, Protein Tyrosine,Phosphoprotein Phosphatase, Tyrosyl,Protein Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosyl,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase,Tyrosine Phosphatases, Protein