Biomaterial Database

[The characteristics of the cholinergic mechanisms of the nucleus accumbens and the caudate nucleus in regulating an instrumental escape reflex in dogs]. 1993

K B Shapovalova, and E V Pominova

We perform comparative analysis of the involvement of dorsal (Neostriatum) and ventral (Nucleus Accumbens) striatal cholinergic systems in the regulation of defensive instrumental reflex, connected with the maintenance of certain flexor posture, in dogs. The data obtained show that the carbachol microinjections (0.05 mkg) into the contralateral Head of Caudate Nucleus significantly improved instrumental reflex due to increasing of a tonic movement component and inhibition of interstimulus and phasic leg raising. In was shown that the cholinergic system of Neostriatum was of great importance for the regulation of the main component of postural adjustment: the unloading of the working limb. The same microinjections into Nucleus Accumbens significantly improved (ipsi- and contralaterally) the instrumental reflex due to prolonged increasing of a phasic component of movement and its amplitude. It can be suggested that the Neostriatum cholinergic system is structurally included into the motor components realization of instrumental reflex, connected with a certain posture maintenance. The activation of cholinergic system of Nucleus Accumbens affects this form of behavior in an excitatory way, being of nonspecific and prolonged character.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008845	Microinjections	The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.	Microinjection
D009714	Nucleus Accumbens	Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.	Accumbens Nucleus,Nucleus Accumbens Septi,Accumbens Septi, Nucleus,Accumbens Septus, Nucleus,Accumbens, Nucleus,Nucleus Accumbens Septus,Nucleus, Accumbens,Septi, Nucleus Accumbens,Septus, Nucleus Accumbens
D011950	Receptors, Cholinergic	Cell surface proteins that bind acetylcholine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholinergic receptors are divided into two major classes, muscarinic and nicotinic, based originally on their affinity for nicotine and muscarine. Each group is further subdivided based on pharmacology, location, mode of action, and/or molecular biology.	ACh Receptor,Acetylcholine Receptor,Acetylcholine Receptors,Cholinergic Receptor,Cholinergic Receptors,Cholinoceptive Sites,Cholinoceptor,Cholinoceptors,Receptors, Acetylcholine,ACh Receptors,Receptors, ACh,Receptor, ACh,Receptor, Acetylcholine,Receptor, Cholinergic,Sites, Cholinoceptive
D012018	Reflex	An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
D002217	Carbachol	A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	Carbamylcholine,Carbacholine,Carbamann,Carbamoylcholine,Carbastat,Carbocholine,Carboptic,Doryl,Isopto Carbachol,Jestryl,Miostat,Carbachol, Isopto
D002421	Caudate Nucleus	Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain.	Caudatus,Nucleus Caudatus,Caudatus, Nucleus,Nucleus, Caudate
D003216	Conditioning, Operant	Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.	Instrumental Learning,Learning, Instrumental,Operant Conditioning,Conditionings, Operant,Instrumental Learnings,Learnings, Instrumental,Operant Conditionings
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical