Biomaterial Database

[A female child with Down syndrome complicated by spinal cord compression by atlanto-axial dislocation]. 1993

Y Sunaga, and T Ohtsuka, and T Fujinaga

Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University School of Medicine.

A 3-year-old girl with Down syndrome was admitted to our hospital, associated with hypotonia and dyspnea. She presented frog-posture and shallow breathing. The blood gas analysis revealed hypercapnic acidosis with pH 7.371, PO2 74.6 mmHg, PCO2 52.6 mmHg, and BE 3.5. The cervical X-ray films with flexion and extension of head showed anterior dislocation of the atlanto-axial articulation. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly showed a severe cord compression between C1 and C2. In children, spinal cord compression induced by dislocation of the atlanto-axial articulation is very rare. However, we should take into consideration of this insidious risk associated often with Down syndrome.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D004204	Joint Dislocations	Displacement of bones from their normal positions at a joint.	Inferior Dislocation,Joint Subluxations,Luxatio Erecta,Dislocation, Joint,Dislocations, Joint,Inferior Dislocations,Joint Dislocation,Joint Subluxation,Subluxation, Joint,Subluxations, Joint
D004314	Down Syndrome	A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra CHROMOSOME 21 or an effective TRISOMY for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include HYPOTONIA, short stature, BRACHYCEPHALY, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, single transverse palmar crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	Mongolism,Trisomy 21,47,XX,+21,47,XY,+21,Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21,Down's Syndrome,Partial Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome,Trisomy 21, Meiotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy 21, Mitotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy G,Downs Syndrome,Syndrome, Down,Syndrome, Down's
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001268	Atlanto-Axial Joint	The joint involving the CERVICAL ATLAS and axis bones.	Atlanto Axial Joint,Atlantoaxial Joint,Atlanto Axial Joints,Atlanto-Axial Joints,Atlantoaxial Joints,Joint, Atlanto Axial,Joint, Atlanto-Axial,Joint, Atlantoaxial,Joints, Atlanto Axial,Joints, Atlanto-Axial,Joints, Atlantoaxial
D013117	Spinal Cord Compression	Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.	Conus Medullaris Syndrome,Myelopathy, Compressive,Extramedullary Spinal Cord Compression,Spinal Cord Compression, Extramedullary,Compression, Spinal Cord,Compressions, Spinal Cord,Compressive Myelopathy,Conus Medullaris Syndromes,Spinal Cord Compressions,Syndrome, Conus Medullaris,Syndromes, Conus Medullaris