Secreted noggin protein mimics the Spemann organizer in dorsalizing Xenopus mesoderm. 1993

W C Smith, and A K Knecht, and M Wu, and R M Harland
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.

A dorsalizing signal acts during gastrulation to change the specification of lateral mesodermal tissues from ventral (blood, mesenchyme) to more dorsal fates (muscle, heart, pronephros). This signal, from Spemann's organizer, cannot be mimicked by the mesoderm inducers activin and fibroblast growth factor. The gene noggin is expressed in the organizer, and could be the dorsalizing signal. Here we show that soluble noggin protein added to ventral marginal zones during gastrulation induces muscle, but that activin does not. Dorsal pattern can be partially rescued in ventralized embryos by injection of a plasmid that expresses noggin during gastrulation. The results suggest that the noggin product may be the dorsalizing signal from the organizer.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007265 Inhibins Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively Female Inhibin,Inhibin,Inhibin-F,Inhibins, Female,Inhibins, Testicular,Ovarian Inhibin,Testicular Inhibin,Female Inhibins,Inhibin F,Inhibin, Female,Inhibin, Ovarian,Inhibin, Testicular,Testicular Inhibins
D009132 Muscles Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals. Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D011506 Proteins Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D002352 Carrier Proteins Proteins that bind or transport specific substances in the blood, within the cell, or across cell membranes. Binding Proteins,Carrier Protein,Transport Protein,Transport Proteins,Binding Protein,Protein, Carrier,Proteins, Carrier
D002454 Cell Differentiation Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D004627 Embryonic Induction The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS). Embryonic Inductions,Induction, Embryonic,Inductions, Embryonic
D005775 Gastrula The developmental stage that follows BLASTULA or BLASTOCYST. It is characterized by the morphogenetic cell movements including invagination, ingression, and involution. Gastrulation begins with the formation of the PRIMITIVE STREAK, and ends with the formation of three GERM LAYERS, the body plan of the mature organism. Archenteron,Blastopore,Gastrocoele,Primitive Gut,Archenterons,Blastopores,Gastrocoeles,Gastrulas,Gut, Primitive,Guts, Primitive,Primitive Guts
D006133 Growth Substances Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation. Mitogens, Endogenous,Endogenous Mitogens
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014981 Xenopus An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

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