int-2 amplification in breast cancer: association with decreased survival and relationship to amplification of c-erbB-2 and c-myc. 1993

J A Henry, and C Hennessy, and D L Levett, and T W Lennard, and B R Westley, and F E May
University Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.

Amplification of the int-2 oncogene was measured in a series of breast tumours and related to amplification of the c-myc and c-erbB-2 oncogenes, histopathological features and relapse-free and overall survival. int-2 was amplified in 11%, c-myc in 20% and c-erbB-2 in 27% of the tumours assessed. int-2 amplification was associated with large tumour size (p < 0.05) and reduced relapse-free (p < 0.05) and overall (p < 0.0005) survival. c-myc amplification was associated with poor tumour differentiation (p < 0.05) but had no association with prognosis. c-erbB-2 amplification was associated with low levels of expression of oestrogen receptor mRNA (p < 0.05), poor tumour differentiation (p < 0.05) and shortened relapse-free (p < 0.0001) and overall survival (p < 0.0001). This is the first report of an association between amplification of the int-2 oncogene in breast tumours and a significantly increased risk of death from breast cancer, and suggests that int-2 may be useful for identifying breast-cancer patients having a poor prognosis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008207 Lymphatic Metastasis Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. Lymph Node Metastasis,Lymph Node Metastases,Lymphatic Metastases,Metastasis, Lymph Node
D011379 Prognosis A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations. Prognostic Factor,Prognostic Factors,Factor, Prognostic,Factors, Prognostic,Prognoses
D011519 Proto-Oncogenes Normal cellular genes homologous to viral oncogenes. The products of proto-oncogenes are important regulators of biological processes and appear to be involved in the events that serve to maintain the ordered procession through the cell cycle. Proto-oncogenes have names of the form c-onc. Proto-Oncogene,Proto Oncogene,Proto Oncogenes
D001943 Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. Breast Cancer,Breast Tumors,Cancer of Breast,Breast Carcinoma,Cancer of the Breast,Human Mammary Carcinoma,Malignant Neoplasm of Breast,Malignant Tumor of Breast,Mammary Cancer,Mammary Carcinoma, Human,Mammary Neoplasm, Human,Mammary Neoplasms, Human,Neoplasms, Breast,Tumors, Breast,Breast Carcinomas,Breast Malignant Neoplasm,Breast Malignant Neoplasms,Breast Malignant Tumor,Breast Malignant Tumors,Breast Neoplasm,Breast Tumor,Cancer, Breast,Cancer, Mammary,Cancers, Mammary,Carcinoma, Breast,Carcinoma, Human Mammary,Carcinomas, Breast,Carcinomas, Human Mammary,Human Mammary Carcinomas,Human Mammary Neoplasm,Human Mammary Neoplasms,Mammary Cancers,Mammary Carcinomas, Human,Neoplasm, Breast,Neoplasm, Human Mammary,Neoplasms, Human Mammary,Tumor, Breast
D004273 DNA, Neoplasm DNA present in neoplastic tissue. Neoplasm DNA
D005260 Female Females
D005784 Gene Amplification A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication. Amplification, Gene
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D016019 Survival Analysis A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function. Analysis, Survival,Analyses, Survival,Survival Analyses
D016259 Genes, myc Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (myc) originally isolated from an avian myelocytomatosis virus. The proto-oncogene myc (c-myc) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Truncation of the first exon, which appears to regulate c-myc expression, is crucial for tumorigenicity. The human c-myc gene is located at 8q24 on the long arm of chromosome 8. L-myc Genes,N-myc Genes,c-myc Genes,myc Genes,v-myc Genes,L-myc Proto-Oncogenes,N-myc Proto-Oncogenes,c-myc Proto-Oncogenes,myc Oncogene,v-myc Oncogenes,Gene, L-myc,Gene, N-myc,Gene, c-myc,Gene, myc,Gene, v-myc,Genes, L-myc,Genes, N-myc,Genes, c-myc,Genes, v-myc,L myc Genes,L myc Proto Oncogenes,L-myc Gene,L-myc Proto-Oncogene,N myc Genes,N myc Proto Oncogenes,N-myc Gene,N-myc Proto-Oncogene,Oncogene, myc,Oncogene, v-myc,Oncogenes, myc,Oncogenes, v-myc,Proto-Oncogene, L-myc,Proto-Oncogene, N-myc,Proto-Oncogene, c-myc,Proto-Oncogenes, L-myc,Proto-Oncogenes, N-myc,Proto-Oncogenes, c-myc,c myc Genes,c myc Proto Oncogenes,c-myc Gene,c-myc Proto-Oncogene,myc Gene,myc Oncogenes,v myc Genes,v myc Oncogenes,v-myc Gene,v-myc Oncogene

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