epsilon-(gamma-Glutamyl)lysine cross-links in human stratum corneum. 1977

J L Abernethy, and R L Hill, and L A Goldsmith

epsilon-(gamma-Glutamyl)lysine has been found in human stratum corneum in the fraction containing the alpha helical fibrous proteins (keratins) and other high molecular weight proteins. The S-carboxymethylated fractions were enzymatically digested with pronase, carboxypeptidase A and B, leucine aminopeptidase and prolidase, and epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine isolated from digests by gel filtration and cation ion exchange chromatography. Acid hydrolysis of the purified epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine yielded equimolar amounts of lysine and glutamic acid, and end group analysis of the peptide by dansylation (application of 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) confirmed the isomer assignment to be epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine. About 9 nmol of the peptide per mg of protein were found in the fraction by isotope dilution after the enzymatic digestion. These results suggest that proteins in stratum corneum may be covalently cross-linked through epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008239 Lysine An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed. Enisyl,L-Lysine,Lysine Acetate,Lysine Hydrochloride,Acetate, Lysine,L Lysine
D011506 Proteins Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D004151 Dipeptides Peptides composed of two amino acid units. Dipeptide
D005971 Glutamates Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure. Glutamic Acid Derivatives,Glutamic Acids,Glutaminic Acids
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012867 Skin The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
D046911 Macromolecular Substances Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure. Macromolecular Complexes,Macromolecular Compounds,Macromolecular Compounds and Complexes,Complexes, Macromolecular,Compounds, Macromolecular,Substances, Macromolecular

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