Brugia malayi: acquired resistance to microfilariae in BALB/c mice correlates with local Th2 responses. 1993

E Pearlman, and W K Kroeze, and F E Hazlett, and S S Chen, and S D Mawhorter, and W H Boom, and J W Kazura
Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.

The role of specific Th subsets in the regulation of acquired resistance to the filarial parasite Brugia malayi is not known. We examined pathologic and cytokine responses in filarial antigen-sensitized BALB/c mice inoculated intraperitoneally with live microfilariae. Animals immunized three times with soluble microfilarial antigen demonstrated accelerated clearance of live parasites (12 +/- 5% of parasites recovered from the peritoneal cavity 4 days after inoculation vs 57 +/- 6% in controls, P < 0.001). Elimination of microfilariae by immunized mice was associated with local eosinophilia (1.5 x 10(7) eosinophils/ml peritoneal wash fluid compared with 2 x 10(5) eosinophils/ml in unimmunized animals), development of local eosinophil-containing granulomas, and elevated serum IgE levels (7.0 +/- 1.4 vs 2.1 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml in controls, P < 0.01). CD4+ cells from the site of parasite challenge produced Th2-associated cytokines exclusively (IL-4 and IL-5, not IFN-gamma and IL-2) in response to Brugia antigen, whereas spleen and lymph node cells produced both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines. Mice immunized a single time with microfilarial antigen did not clear parasites in this time, and peritoneal exudate cells from these animals produced IFN-gamma but not IL-5. These results indicate that acquired resistance to B. malayi microfilariae in mice is associated with induction of a Th2 and not a Th1 response at the site of parasite elimination.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007110 Immunity, Active Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, either after exposure to the disease or after vaccination. Active Immune Response,Active Immune Responses,Active Immunities,Active Immunity,Immune Response, Active,Immune Responses, Active,Immunities, Active,Response, Active Immune,Responses, Active Immune
D007114 Immunization Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). Immunologic Stimulation,Immunostimulation,Sensitization, Immunologic,Variolation,Immunologic Sensitization,Immunological Stimulation,Sensitization, Immunological,Stimulation, Immunologic,Immunizations,Immunological Sensitization,Immunological Sensitizations,Immunological Stimulations,Sensitizations, Immunological,Stimulation, Immunological,Stimulations, Immunological,Variolations
D007371 Interferon-gamma The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. Interferon Type II,Interferon, Immune,gamma-Interferon,Interferon, gamma,Type II Interferon,Immune Interferon,Interferon, Type II
D007376 Interleukin-2 A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes. IL-2,Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor,T-Cell Growth Factor,TCGF,IL2,Interleukin II,Interleukine 2,RU 49637,RU-49637,Ro-23-6019,Ro-236019,T-Cell Stimulating Factor,Thymocyte Stimulating Factor,Interleukin 2,Mitogenic Factor, Lymphocyte,RU49637,Ro 23 6019,Ro 236019,Ro236019,T Cell Growth Factor,T Cell Stimulating Factor
D007378 Interleukins Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli. Interleukin
D008198 Lymph Nodes They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system. Lymph Node,Node, Lymph,Nodes, Lymph
D008807 Mice, Inbred BALB C An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research. BALB C Mice, Inbred,BALB C Mouse, Inbred,Inbred BALB C Mice,Inbred BALB C Mouse,Mice, BALB C,Mouse, BALB C,Mouse, Inbred BALB C,BALB C Mice,BALB C Mouse
D008842 Microfilariae The prelarval stage of Filarioidea found in the blood and tissues of mammals, birds and intermediate hosts (vector). Microfilaria
D005368 Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face. Elaeophoriasis,Filarioidea Infections,Infections, Filarioidea,Elaeophoriases,Filariases,Filarioidea Infection,Infection, Filarioidea
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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