Biomaterial Database

[Genotypes of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their significance for alcohol sensitivity]. 1993

A Shibuya

Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, School of Medicine.

Genotypes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) loci were determined, using allele specific oligonucleotides. Gene frequencies of ADH2(1) and ADH2(2) were 0.29 and 0.71, respectively, in the Japanese control group. No significant difference was found in the ADH2 genotype between the patients and the control group. Gene frequency of ALDH2(1) and ALDH2(2) were 0.65 and 0.35 in the control group, while 0.93 and 0.07, respectively in the patient group. Most of the patients, 20 out of 23, were homozygous Caucasian type. All individuals with homozygous atypical ALDH2(2)/ALDH2(2) and most of those with heterozygous atypical ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(1) were alcohol flushers, while all of the usual ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(1) were nonflushers. The results indicate that Japanese with the atypical ALDH2(2) allele are at a much lower risk in developing alcoholic liver disease than those with usual ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(1), presumably due to their sensitivity to alcohol intoxication.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008108	Liver Diseases, Alcoholic	Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	Alcoholic Liver Diseases,Alcoholic Liver Disease,Liver Disease, Alcoholic
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D009154	Mutation	Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.	Mutations
D011110	Polymorphism, Genetic	The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.	Gene Polymorphism,Genetic Polymorphism,Polymorphism (Genetics),Genetic Polymorphisms,Gene Polymorphisms,Polymorphism, Gene,Polymorphisms (Genetics),Polymorphisms, Gene,Polymorphisms, Genetic
D005787	Gene Frequency	The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.	Allele Frequency,Genetic Equilibrium,Equilibrium, Genetic,Allele Frequencies,Frequencies, Allele,Frequencies, Gene,Frequency, Allele,Frequency, Gene,Gene Frequencies
D005838	Genotype	The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.	Genogroup,Genogroups,Genotypes
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000426	Alcohol Dehydrogenase	A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.	Alcohol Dehydrogenase (NAD+),Alcohol Dehydrogenase I,Alcohol Dehydrogenase II,Alcohol-NAD+ Oxidoreductase,Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase,Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Yeast,Alcohol NAD+ Oxidoreductase,Dehydrogenase, Alcohol,Dehydrogenase, Yeast Alcohol,Oxidoreductase, Alcohol-NAD+
D000435	Alcoholic Intoxication	An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	Drunkenness,Intoxication, Alcoholic,Drunkennesses
D000444	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.	D-Glucuronolactone Dehydrogenase,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (NAD(+)),Aldehyde Dehydrogenase E1,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase E2,Aldehyde-NAD Oxidoreductase,Aldehyde NAD Oxidoreductase,D Glucuronolactone Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, Aldehyde,Dehydrogenase, D-Glucuronolactone