-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Gallstone disease is an important clinical problem: approximately 10% of all adults in the western population have gallstones. Most gallstones, however, remain asymptomatic, and from various disciplines there is consensus that only symptomatic gallstones require therapy. Since the first gallbladder extirpation in 1882, cholecystectomy has been considered the gold standard. Nowadays, this operation is performed laparoscopically in most hospitals. Despite relatively low morbidity and mortality rates, a number of alternative therapies have been developed in the past few years. These alternative treatment modalities are especially indicated in high risk patients and in patients rejecting surgery. In this review article, the currently available treatment modalities are discussed.
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
February 1994,
The American journal of gastroenterology,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
January 1993,
Postgraduate medicine,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
February 2016,
World journal of surgery,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
January 1980,
Vestnik Akademii meditsinskikh nauk SSSR,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
March 1994,
Annals of surgery,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
May 2019,
Pediatric surgery international,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
May 2009,
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
June 2019,
Lancet (London, England),
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
August 1994,
Digestive diseases and sciences,
P W Plaisier, and
R L van der Hul, and
O T Terpstra, and
H A Bruining
October 1986,
Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine,
